1. Tissue Types

3. Human Tissues Tissue differentiation

5. Tissues: groups of cells closely associated that have a similar structure and perform a related function Four types of tissue – Muscle = movement – Epithelial = covering – Connective = support – Nervous = control Most organs contain all 4 types

6. Muscle Tissue Cells have the ability to contract Locomotion 3 types of muscle tissue Cardiac –heart Skeletal – attached to bones Smooth – internal organs and blood vessels

7. MUSCLE TISSUE SKELETAL/Striated  Voluntary movement  Long and cylindrical  Transverse striation  Each fiber is multi-nuclear

8. Skeletal Muscle

9. MUSCLE TISSUE SMOOTH  Involuntary movement  Long, spindle shape  Single nucleus  Internal organs

10. Smooth Muscle

11. MUSCLE TISSUE CARDIAC  Striations  Involuntary  One nucleus  Deep center  Heart muscle

12. Cardiac Muscle

13. Epithelial Tissue

14. Sheets of cells which lines a body cavity or covers a body surface. Functions ▫Protection ▫Absorption ▫Filtration ▫Excretion ▫Secretion ▫Sensory reception

15. Classification Tissue given two names ▫A. First name tells you the number of cell layers.  Simple made up of a single cell layer  often used in filtration or absorption occur.  Stratified – made of 2 or more stacked layers  Often found where friction occurs

16. Classification ▫The second name tells you the cell shape.  Squamous – flat and scale like  Cuboidal – boxlike(as wide as they are tall)  Columnar - tall column shaped (nucleus is elongated)

17. Human Anatomy, Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D. EPITHELIAL TISSUES Composed almost entirely of cells. Contains no blood vessels but supported by nerve fibers. Connective tissue support

18. Nutrients from capillaries in underlying connective tissue Easily regenerates E.g. skin, lining of gut, mucous membranes

19. Simple Squamous Epithelia

20. Simple Cuboidal Epithelia

21. Simple Columnar Epithelia

22. Stratified Squamous Epithelia

23. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia

24. Connective Tissue

25. Characteristics Most abundant tissue in the body. Cells are further apart than epithelial cells. Extracellular matrix between them. ▫The body’s glue ▫Composed of protein fibers and ground substance.

26. Cells imbedded in fibers Fibroblast- most common fixed cell. ▫Star shaped and produce fibrous protein. Macrophages Start as white blood cells – phagocytosis – fight infection. Mast cells Near blood vessels. Release heparin – prevent blood clotting Release histamine – promotes inflammation

27. Fibers Collagenous – collagen protein– great strength ▫ ligaments - bones to bones ▫ tendons – muscle to bones Elastic fibers – elastin protein weaker but more elastic. Vocal cords, air passages Reticular fibers – collagenous fibers- delicate networks.

28. Functions Support Protection Frameworks Fill spaces Store fat Produce blood cells Protect against infections

29. Connective Tissue 6 Types Loose connective tissue Dense connective tissue Adipose Blood Cartilage Bone

30. Loose Connective Tissue

31. Areolar C.T.

32. Dense Connective Tissue

33. Fibrous C.T.

34. Adipose Tissue

36. Blood

37. Blood smear

38. Cartilage

39. Cartilage types Hyaline - Hyaline cartilage is cartilage that is hyaline (transparent). It is found on many joint surfaces. It is pearly bluish in color with firm consistency and has a considerable amount of collagen. It contains no nerves or blood vessels, and its structure is relatively simple.cartilagehyalinenerves Elastic - Elastic cartilage or yellow cartilage is a type of cartilage present in the outer ear, Eustachian tube and epiglottis. It contains elastic fiber networks and collagen fibers. The principal protein is elastin.cartilageouter earEustachian tubeepiglottiselastin

40. Fibrocartilage - consists of a mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue ▫Fibrocartilage is found in the pubic symphysis, the anulus fibrosus of intervertebral discs, menisci and the TMJpubic symphysisanulus fibrosusintervertebral discsmenisciTMJ

41. Hyaline

42. Elastic

43. Fibrous

45. Bone

46. Nerve Tissue