1. Physics Chp 8

2. Torque This is the combination of force applied and distance from an axis point and can cause rotation. The force and distance from the axis must be perpendicular.

3. If the torque can cause counter clockwise rotation then it’s positive Clockwise is negative

4. The force and distance have to be perpendicular. If at an angle use the angle and sine or cosine to get only the component that is perpendicular! Units are Nm

5. What is the net torque on a 4 m teeter totter if you, 58 kg, and your friend, 45 kg, are on opposite ends with the fulcrum (pivot) in the center?

6. τ =(58kg)(9.8m/s 2 )(2m) –(45kg)(9.8m/s 2 )(2m) τ = 255 Nm 0 m 2m 58 kg45 kg

7. Center of mass Moment of Inertia – Tendency to try to stay rotating – Different for each object as well as how it rotates – Ex. A ball around it’s edge vs it’s center

8. In equilibrium ΣF x = 0 Σ F y = 0 Σ τ = 0

9. Steps to solve 1) Free-body diagram 2) Choose convenient axis, pivot point 3) Apply the force equations 4) Apply torque equation 5) Solve

10. If you, 55 kg, climb a 6.0 m, 25 kg ladder and stand on the rung that is 5.6 m up and the ladder is 40 o from the ground. How much force does the wall apply to the ladder assuming no friction with the wall? How about the ground?

11. Fw Fyou Flad Fgy Fgx 6.0m 5.6m 3.0m 40 o

12. ΣFx = Fgx – Fw = 0 Fgx = Fw ΣFy = Fgy – Flad – Fyou = 0 Fgy = Flad + Fyou = Fgy = (25kg)(9.8m/s 2 ) + (55kg)(9.8m/s 2 ) Fgy = 784 N

13. Στ = Fw(6.0m)sin40 o – Fyou(5.6m)sin50 o – Flad(3.0m)sin50 o = 0 Fw(6.0m)sin40 o = (55kg)(9.8m/s 2 )(5.6m) sin50 o + (25kg)(9.8m/s 2 )(3.0m) sin50 o Fw = 750 N Fgx = Fw = 750 N

14. Simple Machines Changes the force applied to an object or the distance it’s moved (or both) Work remains the same (ignoring friction)

15. Lever Inclined Plane

16. Wheel and Axle

17. Wedge

18. Pulleys

19. Screw Just an incline plane wrapped around itself

20. All machines provide a mechanical advantage or why use them (not Rube Goldberg Machines)

21. Real Machines Friction causes a loss in the energy to do work Efficiency