1. WarmUp: Review
Open your books to Chapter 3, Section 3 & identify the 6 factors of social change discussed in that section.
In your journals, copy & summarize each of those factors.

2. Social Change & Modernization
Chapter 18.1
Social Change & Modernization

3. Objectives
Summarize the theories that social scientists have offered to explain the process of social change.
Explain how theories of social change have evolved.

4. Social Change
alterations in various aspects of society over time

5. Spengler & Sorokin
Cyclical theory

6. Cyclical Theory of Social Change
views change from a historical perspective
assumes natural stages of development
likely to gain popularity during periods of upheaval

7. Oswald Spengler German historian deeply troubled by WWI
wrote Decline of the West
asserted that West was well into decline in the 1900s & collapse was inevitable

8. Pitirim Sorokin Russian-American sociologist
presented 2 extreme forms of culture
ideational culture: truth & knowledge sought through faith & religion
sensate culture: people seek knowledge through science

9. Early & Modern
Evolutionary theory

10. Evolutionary Theory of Social Change
views change as a process that moves in one direction – toward increasing complexity

11. Early Evolutionary Theories
1800s: believed that all societies progress through the same distinct stages of social development
stages should improve over time
justified political & social conditions in Europe & U.S.

12. Modern Evolutionary Theories
said that societies have a “tendency” to become more complex over time
attempts to see why societies change

13. Equilibrium theory

14. Equilibrium Theory of Social Change
built on functionalist idea that society resembles a living organism
occurs as society adapts to maintain stability after a change in one area; involves differentiation & integration

15. Marx & Class Conflict,
Dahrendorf & Social Conflict
Conflict theory

16. Conflict Theory of Social Change
change results from conflicts between groups with opposing interests

17. Karl Marx & Class Conflict
all human history is history of class conflict
most interested in how this occurs in industrial societies

18. Ralf Dahrendorf & Social Conflict
holds that social conflict can take many forms
racial, ethnic, political, religious, labor, gender, age, etc.

19. Social Change Through Technology: Social Media & Climate Change
Participation culture, creativity & social change
Do you agree with Gauntlett’s assertion that we need to become more of a “making-and-doing culture” as opposed to a “sit-back-and-be-told culture?” Why or why not?
How do you think technology & social media will influence social movements of the future?
Do you think that people will be happier & more productive if they are engaged in the process of creating? Why or why not?
What role will social media play in helping us transition into a society that has to adapt to new environmental challenges? What challenges might we be facing?

20. CHAPTER 18: CLASSWORK Page 470: #3-4 Page 479: #2-3
Page 480: #1-10 Identifying People & Ideas
Page 480: #1-6 Understanding Main Ideas
Page 481: #1-4 Building Social Studies Skills