1. Labor Fights for Change Industrialization (The Ugly)

2. Labor Unions Emerge As working conditions worsened, and incomes widened, laborers began to organize into unions One of the first: The Knights of Labor “An injury to one is the concern of all”. Opened membership to many, discouraged strikes

3. Union Movements Diverge: What two types of unions would emerge? #1: craft unions skilled workers Samuel Gompers leads the American Federation of Labor Focus on collective bargaining Strikes for: higher wages, safer conditions, shorter week

4. Union Movements Diverge #2: Industrial Unions Ex. American Railway Union AFL dies More radical (leftist) & open groups emerge The IWW “Commonwealth of Toil” By IWW Political radicals!

5. Socialism and Unions Leader of the “Wobblies”: Eugene V. Debs “abolition of the wage system” Attracted western miners and loggers, immigrants, steel workers Debs making speech (eventually runs for President five times under Socialist Party)

6. How did unions change the workplace? Why did they get a bad name? Hippocampus link: unions Think, pair, share: What % of the workforce today is in unions?

7. Strikes = Violence Businesses did not like the union movement Fierce resistance on both sides Bus. had general public support, laissez-faire govt., and huge supply of workers Govt. was suspicious of “leftist leaders” Courts ignored rulings Troops often sent in to allow industry to continue

8. Violence Erupts Workers for the Baltimore & Ohio RR (B&O) struck to protest ANOTHER wage cut!

9. Violence Erupts The Haymarket Affair (bombing)

10. Did Unions Succeed In Their Goals? + Triangle Shirtwaist fire Most industries set maximum work hours (8-10) Worker’s Compensation Minimum age restrictions Health standards (1912) - Management forbids unions Public dislikes violence and socialist flair Sherman Anti-trust Act used against; injunction issued Clip from the Story of Us: Cities- Triangle (6 min)

11. Union Movement Civil War Haymarket Square 1886 Panic of 1873 National Labor Union Knights of Labor AFL Go to QT Movie on Carnegie & Homestead Strike