1. An Industrial Society
Workers Organize

2. 1. Who is Mother Jones?
Mother Jones was a labor leader who won the love of working people by fighting for their rights.

3. 2. Why were the workers discontented with working conditions in the late 1800s?
Workers were discontented with working conditions because owners refused to make the factory safe, workers had to buy their own tools and bring coal to heat the factory.

5. 3. How did workers try to improve working conditions?
To improve their working conditions, workers formed labor unions.

7. 4. How did the Knights of Labor differ other unions?
The Knights of Labor were different from other unions because they allowed women and African Americans to join their union.

8. 5. What were the effects of the Depression of 1873 for workers?
The effects of the Depression of 1873 was millions of workers took pay cuts and about one fifth lost their jobs

10. 6. What events helped strengthen the Knights of Labor from the late 1870s to the mid-1880s?
The Railroad Strike of 1877 helped strengthened the Knights of Labor because it showed the country how angry American workers had become. This caused hundreds of thousand of new workers to join the union.

12. 7. Why did business and government leaders fear unions?
Business leaders and government leaders fear unions because they feared the spread of anarchy and socialism.

13. 8. What were the causes and effects of the Haymarket affair?
The causes of the Haymarket Affair were an unknown person throwing a bomb into a mob. It killed 7 police officers and wounded 60 others.

15. 9. Why did the Homestead and Pullman Strikes fail?
The Homestead Strike failed because Carnegie was able to lock out the union workers until they gave up. The Pullman strike failed because the government had troops settle the dispute between union workers and the Pullman factory

17. 10. How did the AFL differ from other unions?
The AFL differed from other unions because they focused on improving working conditions for their workers.

18. 11. How did the AFL improve working conditions for its members?
The AFL improved the working conditions for its members by using strikes, boycotts, and negotiations.

19. 12. How many hours a day did most 19th century laborers work?
Many 19th century laborers worked hours a day.