1. Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture 1. Pressure on Peasants 2. Enclosures 3. Loans In Manufacture Decline of Guilds III. POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS The rise of the Modern State

2. Population of Europe (Million) 120061 130073 135051 140045 1450 60 155078

5. Population of Europe (Million) 120061 130073 135051 140045 1450 60 155078

6. Black Death by Pieter Bruegel

7. Death in Tournai, 1349

8. Plague Doctor with Mask

9. Flagellants Constance, Switzerland) Nuremberg Tournai (Flanders) Seventh Seal Ingmar Bergman

10. Black Death- Burning Jews (1349)

11. Population of Europe (Million) 120061 130073 135051 140045 1450 60 155078

12. Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture 1. Pressure on Peasants 2. Enclosures 3. Loans In Manufacture Decline of Guilds III. POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS The rise of the Modern State

13. Political Transformations The rise of the modern state Stages in the emergence of the modern state New Institutions New economic policies New Sources of Legitimacy Europe and the world

14. Two stages 1.The king, feudal lords, the towns, the church seek common solution. 2.Centralized power in monarchies

15. New Institutions 1. Roman Law 2. Professional Army Hundred Years War (1338-1453) Religious Wars (1562-1598) Thirty Year War (1618-1648) Colonial Wars 3. Financing the State Taxation Sale of offices Tax Farming

16. A European Army of the Sixteenth Century in Marching Order

18. Economic policy External Using trade as a means for strengthening the state (Mercantilism ) exports over imports no exp of bullion seek colonies national markets navigation laws control manufacturing and trade Internal Controlling the poor: (Poor Laws)

19. New Sources of Legitimacy Internal (Empire, nation) International (Westphalia System)

20. End of the Feudal Order Shift from the Mediterranean to NW Europe Stronger States Decline of religious authority New sources of food, precious metals, raw materials and labor in Americas and Africa

22. 1350-1450 Crisis OttomanMing in Europe Empire Dynasty

23. 1450-1650 Europe Middle East Asia Transformation Econ.Polit. Ottoman Portug. Empire Dutch in SEA End of feudal relations, State Expansion