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METALS Bonds and Properties Alloys Pure Elements
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Hmmm…. How much is this shiney Gold worth !? 400 ounces (27.5lbs)
Many metals have high luster Hmmm…. How much is this shiney Gold worth !? 400 ounces (27.5lbs) $ / ounce $473, per bar 12 bars = $5,678,400.00
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Metal bonding Metals: form organized lattice structures similar to ionic cmpds adjacent atoms in metal lattice are all same close proximity of atoms allows outer electron energy levels to overlap So…
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Na 3s Na 3s1 overlapping valence electron orbitals
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electrons in outer valence shell can move freely through these overlapping energy levels:
results in “sea of mobile electrons” allows (+) metal cation to form
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sea of electrons: binds each metal cation to neighboring cation
this creates the metal bond: due to electrostatic attraction between (+) metal cations & sea (-) electrons
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Metal Properties How do electrons do this?
sea of mobile electrons gives metals their unique properties since e- move freely from place to place metals can: conduct electricity (flow of electrons) conduct heat account for being: malleable ductile shiney (luster) How do electrons do this?
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most metals have high melting points
large amount of energy needed to overcome both IMF and strong bonding forces of metals in order to change phase
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- + Electrical Conductivity e- flow through metal:
Flow of electrons e- flow through metal: e- travel through wire from battery, through metal and return to (+) terminal of battery free flowing e- will travel through metal due to attraction of (+) metal cations
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If apply force to structure of metals:
metal atoms shift away from force & free electrons bond newly overlapping metal cations together metal’s shape is deformed but shift doesn't separate metal atoms If apply force to structure of ionic compounds: forces like charges to align (+) to (+) & (-) to (-) resulting in shattering due to repulsion forces Metal Non-Metal
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as # of electrons that can be delocalized ↑ so does:
Hardness and Strength Na has one valence electron that can be delocalized so: - is relatively soft ( can be cut with a butter knife) Mg has two valence electrons that can be delocalized so: - still can be cut but is much harder than Na transition metals have varied # of e-'s that can be delocalized - chromium (Cr+6) is very hard and has high strength
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Alloys mixture of elements with metallic properties
mixture can be adjusted to get desired properties two types: substitutional and interstitial alloy (depends on size of elements – same or different size)
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Common alloys brass: Cu & Zn bronze: Cu, Sn & Al pewter: Sn, Pb & Cu
solder: Pb & Sn rose gold: Cu & Al white gold: Au & Ni, Pd or Pt sterling silver: Ag & Cu steel: C & Fe stainless steel: Cr & Ni
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