1. Bell Ringer – 12/18 & 19 Klemens von Metternich Napoleon Bonaparte Third Estate Louis XVI Sun King 1.French poor & middle class 2.French absolute ruler – executed at the start of Reign of Terror 3.Led a peace conference and wanted things to be like they used to be 4.Created a French Empire – spread Code of Laws 5.Louis XIV

2. Which came first? French Revolution OR Congress of Vienna

3. Who came first? Louis XVI OR Napoleon

4. Who came first? Napoleon OR Metternich

5. Which came first? French Revolution OR American Revolution

6. Revolutions

7. 1848 The Year of Revolutions

8. Setting the Stage The first major revolution in Europe was the French Revolution. This sparked “firecracker revolutions” across central Europe.

9. Causes of Revolutions in 1848 1.Class struggles between the “Haves” and the “Have Nots” 2.Economic Problems 3.The Revolutions were started by middle class populations (not working class)

10. Economic Problems Not enough jobs for everyone Food shortages Inflation Poverty

11. Ideologies Develop Conservatism: Wealthy landowners & nobles who wanted to keep the traditional monarchies and class system of Europe. Liberalism: Middle-class business leaders who wanted to give more political power to the elected governments.

12. Ideologies Develop Nationalism: the belief that people should be loyal to their homeland (nation)

13. Immediate Effects The Revolutions of 1848 had very few immediate effects. By spring of the year, many revolts had begun to die down. The revolutionaries all agreed that they wanted to get rid of the old governments, but they disagreed about what to do next. These disagreements resulted in a lack of organization, which made it difficult for revolutionaries to continue to resist the armies of returning monarchs. Thus, by 1849, Europe had practically returned to its pre- 1848 status.

14. Lasting Effects The Revolutions of 1848 did have some long- term effects. While the revolutions’ new governments could be easily destroyed, the forces of change could not be stopped. Again and again throughout the West there would be uprisings and demands for independence and an end to old empires. Also, the short- lived governments of 1848 were the beginnings of many more modern forms of government, such as liberalism and socialism, which are still around today.

15. Which came first? Revolutions of 1848 OR Congress of Vienna

16. Make a Prediction Look at the map of Europe. Where do you think we will continue to see political unrest? Why? Explain your answer in a short paragraph.