1. C. Johannesson II. Stoichiometry in the Real World (p. 288-294) Stoichiometry – Ch. 9

2. C. Johannesson A. Limiting Reactants b Available Ingredients 4 slices of bread 1 jar of peanut butter 1/2 jar of jelly b Limiting Reactant bread b Excess Reactants peanut butter and jelly

3. C. Johannesson A. Limiting Reactants b Limiting Reactant used up in a reaction determines the amount of product b Excess Reactant added to ensure that the other reactant is completely used up cheaper & easier to recycle

4. C. Johannesson A. Limiting Reactants 1. Write a balanced equation. 2. For each reactant, calculate the amount of product formed. 3. Smaller answer indicates: limiting reactant amount of product

5. C. Johannesson A. Limiting Reactants b 79.1 g of zinc react with 81g HCl. Identify the limiting and excess reactants. How many grams of hydrogen are formed at STP? Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl 2 + H 2 79.1 g ? L 0.90 L 2.5M

6. C. Johannesson A. Limiting Reactants 79.1 g Zn 1 mol Zn 65 g Zn = 2.4 g H 2 1 mol H 2 1 mol Zn 2g H 2 1 mol H 2 Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl 2 + H 2 79.1 g ? g 81.0g

7. C. Johannesson A. Limiting Reactants 2 g H 2 1 mol H 2 81.O g 1 mol HCl 36g = 2.3 g H 2 1 mol H 2 2 mol HCl Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl 2 + H 2 79.1 g ? g 81.0 g

8. C. Johannesson A. Limiting Reactants Zn: 2.4 g H 2 HCl: 2.3 gH 2 Limiting reactant: HCl Excess reactant: Zn Product Formed: 2.3 g H 2 left over zinc

9. C. Johannesson B. Percent Yield calculated on paper measured in lab

10. C. Johannesson B. Percent Yield b When 45.8 g of K 2 CO 3 react with excess HCl, 46.3 g of KCl are formed. Calculate the theoretical and % yields of KCl. K 2 CO 3 + 2HCl  2KCl + H 2 O + CO 2 45.8 g? g actual: 46.3 g

11. C. Johannesson B. Percent Yield 45.8 g K 2 CO 3 1 mol K 2 CO 3 138.21 g K 2 CO 3 = 49.4 g KCl 2 mol KCl 1 mol K 2 CO 3 74.55 g KCl 1 mol KCl K 2 CO 3 + 2HCl  2KCl + H 2 O + CO 2 45.8 g? g actual: 46.3 g Theoretical Yield:

12. C. Johannesson B. Percent Yield Theoretical Yield = 49.4 g KCl % Yield = 46.3 g 49.4 g  100 = 93.7% K 2 CO 3 + 2HCl  2KCl + H 2 O + CO 2 45.8 g49.4 g actual: 46.3 g