1. Introduction to Biopsychology [PSB 4002] Professor Robert Lickliter DM 260 / 305-348-3441 licklite@fiu.edu website: dpblab.fiu.edu

2. Midterm # 4 Tuesday Dec. 04 / 12 noon chapters 21, 22, and 2 lecture through Thursday, Nov. 29 sample study questions and slides available by Tuesday, Nov. 27 at course website / dpblab.fiu.edu

3. broken brains

4. Psychiatric Disease The general characteristics of psychiatric (mental) disease: – perceptual awareness and orientation – symbolic conceptual functioning – emotional responses – executive control

5. Psychiatric Disease A given syndrome or disorder is not: – “just a matter of biochemistry” or – “just a matter of neuroanatomy”, or – “just a matter of genetics”, or – “just a matter of individual history” It is always some combination of these varied factors. Thus, no two patients will be alike and no two successful treatments will be alike.

6. Risk and Protective Factors Individuals vary in their exposure to certain environments and the biological systems they inherit. Mediators and moderators: influence the onset and maintenance of psychiatric and developmental disorders.

7. Risk Factors Examples of Risk Factors are: – Chronic sexual/physical abuse – Lack of family structure – Low SES – Biological risk factors (e.g. genetic, neurological, hormonal)

8. Protective Factors In addition to risk factors, protective factors help to explain differential onsets outcomes in psychopathology. Examples are: – High intelligence – Adaptability – Maintenance of physical health – Diet

9. Multifinality Shared Experience or Trait

10. Equifinality Shared Outcome

11. Psychiatric Disease The example of schizophrenia: – Type I. psychotic episodes, delusions, hallucinations, disordered and paranoid thoughts – Type II. Loss of emotional response (flat affect), abnormal postures, lack of spontaneous speech

12. Schizophrenia Characterized by core symptoms: – Hallucinations (physical manifestations and/or “hearing voices”). Can be pleasant or unpleasant. – Delusions – Actions that are controlled by outside influence – “Je suis Napoleon!”

13. Epidemiology of Schizophrenia Onset is variable, but most common onset is in the 20’s and 30’s. Some evidence for early life development risk factors. A “spectrum” disorder Thought to involve abnormalities in: – Hippocampus – Cortex (loss of grey matter) – Dopamine imbalance

14. “Paris Syndrome”

16. Treatment Some success with antidopaminergic medications, but not without consequence. As of now, there is no “cure” for chronic schizophrenia, however episodic manifestations may come and go based on environmental context. Animal models of the disorder have proven elusive.

17. Developmental Disorders Atypical development of brain/body systems leads to developmental disorders such as: – Fetal alcohol syndrome Physical and cognitive impairments (a spectrum disorder). – Down Syndrome Low IQ (around 50), high susceptibility to heart disease, thyroid disorders, and some forms of cancer. – Autism Inability to recognize other’s emotions and intentions, low language production, high degree of emotional reactivity, self-stimulation, and repetitive behaviors (a spectrum disorder).

18. Midterm # 4 Tuesday Dec. 04 / 12 noon chapters 21, 22, and 2 lecture through Thursday, Nov. 29 sample study questions and slides available by Tuesday, Nov. 27 at course website / dpblab.fiu.edu