1. Living Things in Ecosystems Chapter 2 “When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the universe.”

2. 2.1 Ecosystems Include all the different organisms living in a certain area along with their physical environment Include all the different organisms living in a certain area along with their physical environment Things move from one ecosystem to another Things move from one ecosystem to another Composed of both biotic and abiotic factors Composed of both biotic and abiotic factors Wetlands, deserts, mountains in Alaska Wetlands, deserts, mountains in Alaska

3. Biotic factors- living parts of an ecosystem Abiotic factors- nonliving parts of an ecosystem Ecosystems BioticAbiotic

4. List some biotic factors and some abiotic factors Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors

5. List some biotic factors and some abiotic factors Biotic Factors Animals Animals Plants Plants microorganisms microorganisms Abiotic Factors Temperature Temperature Sunlight Sunlight Humidity Humidity Water supply Water supply Soil type Soil type Mineral nutrients Mineral nutrients –Nitrogen, sulfur

6. How are ecosystems organized? Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Organism

7. Ecosystems and the biosphere There are different levels of organization within an ecosystem from the individual organism to the entire biosphere There are different levels of organization within an ecosystem from the individual organism to the entire biosphere

8. Parts of an ecosystem Organism One individual living thing Population Group of individuals of the same species living in a particular place Community All populations are part of a community - a group of interacting populations Ecosystem All organisms living in a certain area Biosphere “circle of life”

9. How does a lion fit into an ecosystem? Niche- all of an organism’s relationships with its environment- both the living and nonliving parts; an organism’s way of life Niche- all of an organism’s relationships with its environment- both the living and nonliving parts; an organism’s way of life –Reproducing –#of offspring –Where it finds shelter A niche is like an organism’s profession…

10. What is a habitat? The actual place that an organism lives The actual place that an organism lives The “address” of the animal The “address” of the animal

11. Section 2.1 Review Distinguish between biotic and abiotic factors Distinguish between biotic and abiotic factors Explain population, community, and ecosystem Explain population, community, and ecosystem Distinguish between habitat and niche Distinguish between habitat and niche

12. 2.2 How species interact with each other There There are 5 major types of species interactions –Predation –Competition –Parasitism –Mutualism –commensalism

13. predation One organism kills and eats another organism One organism kills and eats another organism Eaten- called prey Eaten- called prey Eater- called predator Eater- called predator

14. Competition- a relationship between species in which they attempt to use the same limited resource

15. Parasitism Organisms that live in or on another organism and feed on it without immediately killing it Organisms that live in or on another organism and feed on it without immediately killing it –Host- the organism the parasite takes its nourishment from –Ticks, fleas, tapeworms, heartworms, leeches, mistletoe

16. Mutualism A cooperative partnership between two species A cooperative partnership between two species –…bacteria that live in your intestines break down food that you cannot. They also supply you with vitamin K which you need for blood clotting. You give them a warm, dark, place to live that is full of food for them! –Ants and acacia trees in Central America

17. Commensalism Rare and strange type of specie interaction Rare and strange type of specie interaction One species benefits and the other is neither harmed or helped One species benefits and the other is neither harmed or helped Sharks and remoras Sharks and remoras

18. Section 2.2 Review…fill in the table below Predation Competition Parasitism Mutualism Commensalism

19. 2.3 Adapting to the environment How does the close match between an organism and the environment come about? How does the close match between an organism and the environment come about?

20. Evolution by natural selection 1859…Darwin an English naturalist observed members of a population and noticed their differences 1859…Darwin an English naturalist observed members of a population and noticed their differences Darwin proposed that the environment determines which individuals would have offspring Darwin proposed that the environment determines which individuals would have offspring Because of certain traits, certain individuals are more likely to survive Because of certain traits, certain individuals are more likely to survive Natural selection- the unequal survival and reproduction that results from the presence or absence of particular traits Natural selection- the unequal survival and reproduction that results from the presence or absence of particular traits

21. Evolution by natural selection Over many generations natural selection causes characteristics of populations to change Over many generations natural selection causes characteristics of populations to change Evolution- a change in the genetic characteristics of populations from one generation to the next Evolution- a change in the genetic characteristics of populations from one generation to the next

22. Evolution by natural selection