1. Open Access - an introduction, Aleppo, December 2007 1 Open Access – an introduction Ian Johnson

2. Open Access - an introduction, Aleppo, December 2007 2 OVERVIEW  Concepts and terminology  Background  Open Access Journals  Institutional repositories  Recent developments

3. Open Access - an introduction, Aleppo, December 2007 3 OPEN ACCESS - CONCEPT  Authors give scientific and scholarly research texts to publishers usually without asking for any kind of payment  Open Access  Free availability on the public Internet  Permitting any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal or technical barriers Authors control the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited

4. Open Access - an introduction, Aleppo, December 2007 4 WHY DO SCHOLARS PUBLISH?  Research and development  Research and scholarly communication  Quality control through peer review  Academic reward system

5. Open Access - an introduction, Aleppo, December 2007 5 GROWTH IN SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING  1870s – c.800 p.a. papers in mathematics  2000 – c.50,000 p.a. papers in mathematics

6. Open Access - an introduction, Aleppo, December 2007 6 THE EVOLUTION OF JOURNAL PUBLISHING  Scientific journals  1800s - 90 journals published  Contemporary output  English - 16,000 journals  Spanish and Portuguese – 16,000  Chinese – 6,000 – 8,000  Other languages?

7. Open Access - an introduction, Aleppo, December 2007 7 OWNERSHIP AND SUPPORT FOR SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING  1800s - Universities and societies  Contemporary ownership  Developed countries Commercial companies  Developing countries Universities and societies

8. Open Access - an introduction, Aleppo, December 2007 8 CONSEQUENCES (1)  For libraries  Increased costs  Selective purchasing  For researchers  Diminishing access to knowledge  Linguistic domination – or isolation?

9. Open Access - an introduction, Aleppo, December 2007 9 THE LANGUAGE BARRIER  Limited visibility  Not included in indexing services  Not authors’ publication of choice

10. Open Access - an introduction, Aleppo, December 2007 10 THE EMERGENCE OF ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING  Added value features in online journals  Tables of Contents services  Cross-Referencing  Full-text information retrieval  Retrospective coverage  Consolidation in the publishing industry

11. Open Access - an introduction, Aleppo, December 2007 11 CONSEQUENCES (2)  For libraries  Increased costs without increased budgets  Reaction against the ‘Big Deals’  For researchers  Attraction of the ‘Big Deals’  Expectation of improved access

12. Open Access - an introduction, Aleppo, December 2007 12 THE EMERGENCE OF THE OPEN ACCESS MOVEMENT  Repositories  Free online journals in developing countries  Budapest Open Access Initiative  Mutual interest of librarians and researchers in Open Access, and declarations of support  Mandating Open Access of funded research

13. Open Access - an introduction, Aleppo, December 2007 13 OPEN ACCESS – Gold  Open Access Journals  Aggregators and peer review  ‘Author pays’  Open access to all content  ‘Hybrid’ journals  Some papers freely available  Delayed Open Access

14. Open Access - an introduction, Aleppo, December 2007 14 OPEN ACCESS - Green  Repositories for self archived papers  Supported by Open Archives Initiative  Directories and search engines

15. Open Access - an introduction, Aleppo, December 2007 15 Questions? Comments? http://www.rgu.ac.uk/abs Thank you for your attention