1. Chapter 23 Overview Notes: The Unification of Italy
1870
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Giuseppe Mazzini
Giuseppe Mazzini
King Victor Emmanuel II
Count Camillo Cavour

2. Unification of Italy

3. OBSTACLES TO ITALIAN UNIFICATION:
collection of separate states ruled by foreign powers or local princes
2. Napoleon’s invasions spark nationalistic feelings against Austrian Hapsburg control or French Bourbons
“Young Italy,” a secret nationalistic society, founded by Mazzini,
attempts to est. a revolutionary republic in
Rome but effort fails

4. NATIONALISM ENCOURAGES ITALIAN UNIFICATION:
united by geography,
a common language,
the history and glory of ancient Rome,
the papacy, &
economic freedom among Italian states

5. Risorgimento (Italian nationalistic movement)
taken over by Kingdom of Sardinia; King Victor Emmanuel II names Count Camillo Cavour as prime minister,
a practitioner of Realpolitik to unite the Italian
states of Sardinia, Lombardy, and Venetia

6. Italian nationalist Giuseppe Garibaldi
and his “Red Shirts” win Sicily and Naples
4. Victor Emmanuel II
is crowned king of Italy and unites Venetia and
Rome to complete a unified Italy

7. ITALY FACES NEW CHALLENGES:
1. no tradition of unity
2. regional rivalries between richer and more urban
north versus
rural and poor south unable to solve national issues
3. popes resent losing control of the Papal States and of
Rome (papacy is granted rule of the
Vatican City but not until 1929)
4. industrialization brings
urbanization
5. population explosion causes
emigration to the U.S., Canada, Latin America
6. Italy prospering by 1914 but unprepared for
world war

8. ruled the Hapsburg dynasty for 62 yrs., dying at the age of 84
NATIONALISM THREATENS OLD EMPIRES:
HAPSBURGS
Oldest ruling house in Europe
Controls vast territories, esp. in E. Europe = multinational empire = Slavic groups and Hungarians
The Dual Monarchy is established
Francis Joseph
becomes emperor of Austria &
king of Hungary
Slavs resentful of union between Austria-Hungary
ruled the Hapsburg dynasty for 62 yrs., dying at the age of 84

9. Ottoman Turks

10. Ruled multinational empire, including the Serbs & the Greeks on the
Balkan Peninsula who resent foreign rule
Ottoman Empire weak =
the “sick man of Europe,” leading to attempts by European powers to take lands from
Turks

11. EX: Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina on Balkan Peninsula in 1908 angering the Serbs

12. Balkan region becomes known as the
“powder keg of Europe” by
1914 leading to World War I