1. World War I –
Also known as The Great War or The War to End All Wars
Causes
1. Militarism
2. Alliances – balance of power
3. Nationalism
4. Imperialism
Assassination – Spark that ignited the war

2. Opposing Sides Triple Alliance/Central Powers
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy – switches sides in 1915
Ottoman Empire (Turkey) joins in 1914
Bulgaria joins in 1915
Triple Entente/Allied Powers
England
France
Russia
Italy – in 1915
Japan joins in 1914
United States joins in 1917

3. Event that started the War
June 28, 1914 – Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife are assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia by Serbian Nationalists – Pan-Slavic movement – The Black Hand
Mobilization – preparing your military for war

4. Gavrilo Princip

5.
First Modern War
New weapons – Machine guns, poison gas, airplanes, submarines, giant artillery, flamethrowers, (tanks – in 1917)
Early Battles – First Battle of the Marne
*Trench Warfare – war was stagnant for this period with the battle line moving very little – stalemate
*No Man’s Land – area between the trenches
*German U-boats – tried to cut off Europe from supplies
Battle of Verdun – 1916 – 1.25 million casualties
Battle of the Somme – 1916 – 1 million casualties

6. German Maxim Machine Gun

7. Vickers Machine Gun
Lewis Machine Gun

8. Big Bertha

9. American Rail Gun

10. German Artillery

11. Spad VII

12. Sopwith Pup
Nieuport 28

13. Baron Manfred Von Richtofen
“The Red Baron”

14. Gas Bombs Exploding
Mustard Gas Victim
U.S. Marines Wearing Gas Masks

16. German Submarine (U-boat) U-14

17. No Man’s Land

20. Trench Warfare

27. Dugouts

28. Trench Foot

30. Trench system from the Air

33. Soldiers Attacking – “Going Over the Top”

35. Dead German Soldiers

36. Dead Allied Soldiers

37. Before
After

38. Allied Tanks

39. Nicholas II
George Clemenceau
David Lloyd George

40. U.S. Neutrality Isolationism – President Woodrow Wilson
Events that caused U.S. to go to war
1. German submarine warfare – Lusitania – Germans were attacking U.S. shipping
U.S. loaned Allies large amounts of money
2. Sussex Pledge
3. Zimmerman Telegram
United States declares war on Central Powers on April 6, 1917

41. Preparing For War
Committee on Public Information – raised public support for war
Selective Service Act – drafted over 3 million men
African-Americans – 370,000 served – still segregated – fought with the French army
Women – 25,000 served – interpreters, nurses, clerks, “Hello Girls” (telephone operators) – 1 million women joined the work force in America
Liberty Bonds - $20 Billion
War Industries Board
Sedition Act of made it a crime to "willfully utter, print, write, or publish any disloyal, language about the form of the Government of the United State

43. Propaganda Posters

45. Selective Service Act

46. Black soldiers in World War 1

47. Women In World War 1

49. Liberty Bonds

50. Victory Gardens

51. American Expeditionary Force – AEF – John J. Pershing
1917 – Russia surrenders – Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Bolshevik Revolution in Russia – Communists take over - Nicholas II, Vladimir Lenin
Famous battles for Americans
1. Chateau-Thierry
2. Belleau Wood
3. Second Battle of the Marne – turning point of war, Germans last attack
4. Saint-Mihiel
November 11, 1918 – Armistice (truce) ends the fighting – Armistice Day/Veterans Day

52. 30 million deaths – 112,000 American $330 billion
Fourteen Points – Woodrow Wilson’s plan
League of Nations
Self-determination – people decide their own political status
Treaty of Versailles – set stage for World War II by punishing Germany excessively
Germans had to pay reparations – payments for damages - $33 billion
Germans had to give up territory
Germans had to give up their military
U.S. Senate refuses to agree to League of Nations and Treaty of Versailles – America becomes isolationist again

53. Woodrow Wilson

54. John J. Pershing

55. Wilhelm II
Franz Joseph I

56. Vladimir Lenin

57. Adolf Hitler