2. World War I 1914-1918

3. What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss of Alsace Lorraine by Treaty of Frankfurt Fully industrialized Leading trading nation World’s banker Greatest naval power Largest colonial empire Lack of cultural unity Growing nationalism stirring unrest Expansionism War with Japan 1905 Sought recognition as a major power

4. Long Range Causes Nationalism Militarism Alliances Imperialism

5. Nationalism

7. Militarism Bertha von Suttner Nobel Peace Prize Military buildup=jobs Wars helped to unify Germany and Italy Increased spending on the military from 1870- 1914 by 300% Millions spent on a peacetime army Germany increases its navy

8. Alliances Triple Alliance—1882 Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy Reinsurance Treaty—1887 Germany and Russia— neutrality guaranteed if either went to war 1890 Bismarck dismissed Treaty not renewed Russia looks for ally—1894 Franco-Russian Alliance Triple Entente 1907—Great Britain, France, Russia

10. Imperialism Fashoda Crisis—Sudan— Great Britain and France Moroccan Crisis—1905 and 1911—France and Germany

11. Balkan Crises—1912-1913—Russia [Pan Slavism] supports expansion plans of Serbia

12. “Powder Keg” Pan Slavism Russia demoralized after defeat by Japan turns attention to Balkans 1 st Crisis –Bosnia annexed by Austria-Hungary –Italy takes Libya 1 st Balkan War –1908 Creation of Albania—Serbia loses access to Adriatic Sea 2 nd Balkan War –1913 Serbia’s attempt to gain Albania fails with German support for Austria-Hungary –Serbia frustrated and Russia humiliated

13. Immediate Cause Archduke Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo June 1914 Gavrilo Princip and the Black Hand

15. The Schlieffen Plan

16. German Atrocities in Belgium

17. Mobilization Home by Christmas No major war in 50 years Nationalism It’s a long way to Tipperary It’s a long way to go It’s a long way to Tipperary To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It’s a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart’s right there!

18. Propaganda

21. Australia Propaganda

23. German Poster “Think of Your Children!” French snake has baby’s bottle

25. Women and the War Effort Financing the War

26. Recruitment

27. Munitions Workers

28. French Factory Workers

29. German Factory Workers

30. Working in the Fields

31. Ambulance Driver

32. Red Cross Workers

34. Russian Women Soldiers

35. Multi-Front War

36. Western Front

37. Trench Warfare

38. No Man’s Land

40. Battle of Verdun Longest and Bloodiest Battle 32,000,000. Estimated artillery shells fired in Battle of Verdun

42. e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties. e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties. Verdun—February 1916

43. e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. The Somme, July, 1916

44. The Cost of War

46. The soldiers had very little decent food, and what food they had was often attacked by rats. These rats were the size of small rabbits and badgers because they had fed on the decomposing bodies of dead soldiers.

52. The Eastern Front

53. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

54. Sikh British Soldiers in India

55. French colonial Marine infantry from China—fighting in Greece

56. Russia’s Role War revealed the ineptitude and arrogance of the country’s aristocratic elite Corrupt military leadership had contempt for ordinary Russian people Ill-trained, ineffective officers, poorly equipped –– the result was mass desertions and 2 million casualties by 1915

57. Battle of Tannenberg (August, 1914) – massive defeat at hands of Hindenburg and Germany Nicholas left for the Front—September, 1915

58. America slow to enter the War Neutrality Trade partners with England and France Lusitania sunk Zimmerman Telegram Unrestricted submarine warfare April 6, 1917—Congress declares war

59. May 7th 1915

60. Zimmerman Telegram

61. The Yanks Are Coming!!

62. Americans in the Trenches

63. New Technology Changes War

64. French Renault Tank

65. British Tank at Ypres

66. U-Boats

67. Allied ships sunk by U-boats

69. Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.

70. Curtis-Martin Aircraft Plant United States

71. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

72. The Zeppelin

73. Grenade Launchers Flame Throwers

74. Poison Gas Machine Gun

75. Art of World War I

76. 1918 Flue Pandemic: Depletes all Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

78. Russians Exit War Treaty of Brest Litovsk March 3, 1918

79. Eleventh Day, Eleventh Hour, Eleventh Month— All is Quiet on the Western Front November 11, 1918

80. Human Costs of War 8,000,000... Estimated civilians killed in Great War: Non-influenza 8,300,000....... Estimated combatants killed, all nations 21,500,000.... Minimum deaths in 1918 Spanish Influenza Pandemic Note: Georgia’s population is approximately 9.5 million Atlanta’s population is approximately 500,000

81. Who was to blame for WWI? Austria- Hungary RussiaBritainFranceGermany

82. Effects of WWI Immediate Russian Revolution Destruction and loss of life Treaty of Versailles League of Nations Breakup of Austro- Hungarian Empire Mandates Long-Term German and Italian resentment of treaty US policy of isolationism Rise of fascism WWII