1. World War I 1914-1918

2. Causes of War Nationalism Competitive rivalries among nations National unrest within some nations Imperialism Competition for Colonies

3. Causes of War Continued… The Alliance System Groups of nations organized to maintain the balance of power Allies: Great Britain, France, Russia and US Central: Germany, Austrian-Hungry and the Ottoman Empire Militarism Military buildup

5. The Fighting Starts “The Powder Keg Explodes” The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand The Schlieffen Plan Germany Plan of war Invade Belgium then France Hold action against Russia

8. Battle of SommeSomme Started in July 1916 and ended in November Practiced Trench warfare Over 1 million casualties for 7 miles of land

15. The U.S. enters the War Causes Blockade of trade goods German unrestricted submarine warfare Lusitania sunk by German u-boat Zimmerman Note German proposal for Mexico to keep U.S. out of war

17. American Power tips the Balance Selective Service Act Required men to register with the government in order to be selected for military service Convoy System System to combat German u-boats, use of warships to protect merchant ships Conscientious Objector A person who opposes warfare on moral ground

19. America Mobilizes America Unready for War Selective service draft African-Americans segregated Women held non combat positions; nurses

20. America Mobilizes Continued… Congress gives power to Wilson Increased government control Could regulate pricings Nationalized certain industries, shipping War Economy War Industries Board Increased productivity

21. America Mobilizes Continued… National War Labor Board 8hr work day Safety inspections Enforced child labor ban Selling the War Taxes and Bonds Progressive income tax Patriotism “War to end all Wars”

22. New Hazards Weapons Machine guns Airplanes Tanks Poison gas

28. Gas Masks of WWI

30. New Hazards Continued … Physical effects “Shell Shock” Psychological trauma which caused mental breakdowns Trench Foot Infection of the foot caused by wet, cold and unsanitary conditions

32. The War EndsWar The Collapse of Germany Mutiny among German troops November 9 th 1918, new German Republic Established Austria-Hungry surrenders The war ends on the 11 th hour on the 11 th day in the 11 th month

37. Wartime Constitutional Issues Schenck v United States Free speech could be restricted during wartime “a clear and Present danger” clause The Espionage and Sedition Acts Acts to punish those who opposed the war Violated 1 st amendment The Red Scare Provoked by Russian Communist Revolution

38. Social Changes African Americans Great Migration North Job opportunities Escape racial tension Women Took over male jobs 1919 passage of 19 th Amendment

39. Wilson Fights for Peace Treaty of Versailles Created 9 new nations Barred Germany from maintaining an army Required Germany to pay reparations

41. Wilson Fights for Peace Continued… Flaws of the treaty War-guilt clause; forced Germany to take responsibility Germany could not pay reparations Russia lost more territory than Germany Ignored claims of colonized people for self- determination

42. Wilson Fights for Peace Continued… Wilson's Fourteen Points No more secret treaties Freedom of Seas Arms reduction Lower tariffs Rethink colonial policies

43. Wilson Fights for Peace Continued … League of Nations International organization to address crisis Provided a forum to discuss and settle problems US Government will oppose entry into the League

44. Legacy of the War US military stronger Federal Government strengthen Accelerated social change Europe experienced damaged social and political systems

45. Propaganda of World War I

46. Propaganda continued….

47. Last known WWI veteran dies at 110 Born Florence Beatrice Patterson in London in 1901, she joined Women's Royal Air Force in September at age of 17 2/7/12