1. Robert E. Slavin University of York -and- Johns Hopkins University

2.  Not lack of knowledge about how children learn  Lack of knowledge about how to help teachers apply research-proven methods

3.  Importance of sterile procedures demonstrated by Lister, 1860  Hand washing still an issue today  Checklists: Helping physicians use proven practices  Cut infection rates 66%, saved 1500 lives in 18 months

4.  Teachers using proven programmes  Active involvement in choosing programmes  80% vote of staff  Government supports creation, adoption, dissemination of proven programmes  Incentive funding to schools using proven programmes  Constant development and evaluation of new models

5.  Use what works  Modelled on medicine, agriculture, engineering  Improve practice today  Create dynamic of progressive improvement

6.  Fields lacking respect for evidence innovate by taste, not research  Fashion  Art  Education  Innovation in Education  Word of mouth  Tradition  Politics  Marketing This must change

7.  Proven programmes in every subject and year level  Evaluated in rigorous experiments  Systematic reviews of research - Trusted, impartial, valid - Educator friendly  Policies to promote use of proven programmes

9.  Randomised, matched evaluations of replicable programmes  Strong tradition of experimental study in the US, other countries

10.  Development in early 1990’s  Evaluation  Scale-up  Funding for adoption of CSR models

11.  Funding, encouragement essential  Evaluate existing UK programmes  Creating new programmes -Design competitions  Import and evaluate non-UK programmes

12.  UK: EPPI  US: What Works Clearinghouse  US & UK: Best Evidence Encyclopaedia

14.  Strong Evidence of Effectiveness Classwide Peer Tutoring (IP) Missouri Mathematics Program (IP) Peer Assisted Learning Strategies (PALS/IP) Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (IP) TAI Math (IP/MC)  Moderate Evidence of Effectiveness Classworks (CAI) Cognitively Guided Instruction (IP) Connecting Maths Concepts (IP/MC) Consistency Management & Cooperative Discipline (IP) Project SEED (IP) Small-Group Tutoring (IP)

17.  US: Comprehensive School Reform  US: No Child Left Behind (NCLB)  Lesson: Be clear about proven programmes

18.  Expand development & evaluation of promising programmes  Grants to schools to adopt proven programmes  Encouragement, support for use of proven programmes -OFSTED -TDA -Other agencies

19.  Improved practices  Expanded R&D from all sources  Winners: -Children -Teachers -Publishers, software companies -Society at large