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1 Multinationals and local firms: differences in wages and labour standards? A first comparison of NL, Argentina and Brazil Rob van Tulder & Fabienne Fortanier [PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS, DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE] Competence Centre for International Business-Society Management Research/ RSM Erasmus University
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2 Netherlands: wages Gross hourly wages, Index. Domestic firms = 100. Minimum nr of observations per firm is 10. N.B.: uncontrolled for any other variables that affect wages such as education, experience, industry, etc.
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3 Netherlands: collective agreements % of respondents that indicates that there is a collective agreement in their workplace. Minimum n per firm is 10. Nota Bene: uncontrolled for any other variables that affect wages such as education, experience, industry, etc.
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4 Netherlands: union membership % of respondents that indicates to be a member of a trade union. Minimum n per firm is 10. Nota Bene: uncontrolled for any other variables.
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5 Netherlands: equal opportunity % of respondents that indicates that there is equal opportunity in the workplace. Minimum n per firm is 10. Nota Bene: uncontrolled for any other variables.
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6 Netherlands: unhealthy conditions Average time in which respondents work in unhealthy conditions. Minimum n per firm is 10. Nota Bene: uncontrolled for any other variables.
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7 Argentina: wages gross hourly wages, Index. Domestic firms = 100. Minimum nr of observations per firm is 10. Nota Bene: uncontrolled for any other variables that affect wages such as education, experience, industry, etc.
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8 Brazil: wages gross hourly wages, Index. Domestic firms = 100. Minimum nr of observations per firm is 10. Nota Bene: uncontrolled for any other variables that affect wages such as education, experience, industry, etc. Difference comparable to Argentina
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9 Argentina: collective agreements % of respondents that indicates that there is a collective agreement in their workplace. Minimum n per firm is 10. Nota Bene: uncontrolled for any other variables.
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10 Brazil: collective agreements % of respondents that indicates that there is a collective agreement in their workplace. Minimum n per firm is 10. Nota Bene: uncontrolled for any other variables. Much higher than in Arg.
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11 Argentina: union membership % of respondents that indicates to be a member of a trade union. Minimum n per firm is 10. Nota Bene: uncontrolled for any other variables.
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12 Brazil: union membership % of respondents that indicates to be a member of a trade union. Minimum n per firm is 10. Nota Bene: uncontrolled for any other variables.
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13 Argentina: equal opportunity % of respondents that indicates that there is equal opportunity in the workplace. Minimum n per firm is 10. Nota Bene: uncontrolled for any other variables. Brasil: no data
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14 Argentina: other benefits % of respondents that indicates to receive the benefit. Minimum n per firm is 10. Nota Bene: uncontrolled for any other variables. Consistently higher Interesting
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15 Brazil: other benefits Consistently higher
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16 MNEs around the world: IBM and Accenture Wages compared to domestic firms in country. Minimum n per firm/country is 10. Nota Bene: uncontrolled for any other variables. Compared to domestic firms N.B. Small number of observations!
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17 First Conclusions For all conclusions: based on preliminary analysis of the data without controls for other effects Foreign firms generally pay more and offer better labour conditions, but are less embedded in local bargaining arena (e.g. TU membership) IN LINE WITH EXISTING LITERATURE ON THIS TOPIC BASED ON MACRO-ANALYSES AND CASE-STUDIES Delicate balance between ‘host country standard’ and ‘MNE standard’ MNEs seem to both adapt to local circumstances and keep their own standards: MNEs behave differently in different countries
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18 Further Research Gather more data (as we speak) Key: increase nr of observations (fishing with a ‘wide’ net) Further analysis: Additional variables of wages/labour conditions More sophisticated models Explore explanations: Firm level factors: global strategy (integration vs responsiveness), CSR policy? Host country factors: e.g. policies & institutions, levels of development? Combinations of both: ‘distance’?
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19 RSM Erasmus University Burg. Oudlaan 50 PO BOX 1738 3000 DR Rotterdam The Netherlands Tel. +31 10 408 1923 rtulder@rsm.nl / F.N.Fortanier@uva.nl
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