1. Climate and Earth Systems Models using Scientific Computing Eigil Kaas Professor in Meteorology and Climate Dynamics Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen.

3. In front of the ENIAC, April 4, 1950: H.Wexler, J. von Neumann, M. H. Frankel, J. Namias, J. C. Freeman, R. Fjortoft, F. W. Reichelderfer, and J. G. Charney. The Development of Electronic Computers

5. The new DMI-computer: Cray XT5 (in a bigger configuration).

9. 3-dimensional dynamic Earth system models Applications: Simulating basic processes and changes in the entire Earth system. Ocean and land-surface carbon cycle Interactive aerosol module Interactive chemistry (mostly gas phase) Ice sheets Biology …

10. Navier-Stokes equation (Unit mass version of “Newton's second law) expressed in the accelerated coordinate system of the Earth Equation of state for ideal gases (i.e. no particle density included in ρ). The first equation of thermodynamics Continuity equation for dry air Continuity equation for various tracers including water vapour Governing dynamical equations for the atmosphere

12. Hybrid sigma theta

13. Example of validation of atmospherec models: Precipitation

14. SST Errors: ECHAM5/MPI-OM Systematic errors in sea surface temperature (SST)

15. Observed (black line) anthropogenic + natural forcings (red lines), anthropogenic forcings only (blue lines), anthroponegic (- effects of black carbon) + natural forcings (green line). Hadley Centre simulations with HADGEM1 in ENSEMBLES

20. Circulation changes II CLIMAP SSTs MOD SSTs topography control CLIMAP+topo MOD+topo