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Ch. 7, Sec. 2 Convention and Compromise Know how the Constitutional Convention broke the deadlock over the form the new government would take. Be familiar with how the delegates answered the question of representation.
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Economic Depression U.S. went through a _____________ after Rev. War. Depression --_______________________________________. Southern plantations were damaged. British closed off profitable West Indies market to Americans. Farmers suffered b/c they could not sell their goods. Had problems paying the states for money borrowed. Result = state officials seized farmers lands to pay their debts and threw many farmers in jail. Resentment began to grow in Mass. Farmers viewed new govt. as a form of __________. Led to ______ Rebellion.
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Shays’s Rebellion 1786—angry farmers led by _____________ forced courts in western Mass. to close so judges could not confiscate farmers’ lands. Jan. 1787—Shays led more than 1000 farmers toward Springfield, Mass., for arms and ammunition. State militia ordered them to halt, then fired over their heads. Farmers didn’t stop, militia fired again, killing ___ rebels. Result — Result Frightened many Americans and caused them to believe the govt. could not control unrest and prevent violence.
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A Call for Change ________ was major issue that divided new country and led to A.O.C. being strengthened. 2 main groups emerged: 1.One group wanted to remain w/a system of independent state govts. 2.Other group wanted to create a strong __________ govt. 2 Americans led movement: _________________ and Alexander Hamilton. Constitutional Convention May 1787--____ delegates met in Philadelphia during one of hottest summers on record. Delegates consisted of planters, merchants, lawyers, physicians, generals, and governors. 3 were under 30 yrs. old and Benjamin Franklin was ___ yrs. old. 26 had college degrees. Nat. Amer., African Americans, & women not considered part of political process, so none attended.
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Constitutional Convention Only records of Convention were kept in a journal by ________________. (known as Father of the Constitution b/c he authored basic plan of govt. that Convention would adopt) __________________ chosen to preside over Convention. Organization Rules of the Convention: 1.Each state would have ___ vote. 2.Majority vote would rule all decisions. 3.No meetings could be held unless there were ___ states present. 4.Meetings were kept a secret!!!
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Virginia and New Jersey Plan Virginia Plan Proposed by Edmund Randolph. Called for ___ house legislature, a chief executive, & a court system. Lower House of legislature would be chosen by people. Upper house would be chosen by lower house. Number of reps. in each house would be based on ____________. New Jersey Plan Proposed by William Paterson. Called for ___ house legislature (unicameral). Each state would receive one vote and be represented _________. Congress could set taxes, regulate trade, & elect weak Executive branch.
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Compromise Virginia Plan would do away with A.O.C., the New Jersey Plan would amend the A.O.C. Delegates decided revising A.O.C. would not solve problems. Roger Sherman suggested _________________. Compromise-- ________________________________________ _____________________________________________________. Great Compromise 1.2 house legislature: 1.Lower House = _________________________, number of seats would be based upon state’s population. 2.Upper House = ___________, each state would have 2 reps. (based on equal representation) 2.Chief Executive 3.Court System
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Other Compromises 3/5 Compromise—counted each enslaved person as ___ a person for taxation and representation. Southern states wanted to use slaves to gain delegates in House of Representatives. (Northern states objected—said slaves were property) _____________ Compromise—Northern states agreed that Congress could not interfere w/slave trade until 1808. Approving the Constitution September 17, _____--delegates gathered in Philadelphia at _____________ Hall to approve Constitution! Gouverneur Morris wrote final draft of Constitution. ___ of 13 states were needed to ratify the Constitution. Some delegates refused to sign Constitution w/o a Bill of Rights—afraid new govt. would abuse its power w/o protection of their individual rights.
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