1. 第 23 讲 形容词和形容词词组

2. 23.1 形容词分类  1. 单词形容词和复合形容词：  形容词，就词的构成来说，分为单词形容词 （ one-word adjective ）和复合形容词 （ compound adjective ）.

3.  2. 中心形容词和外围形容词：  形容词，就其句法功能来说，分为中心形容 词（ central adjective ）和外围形容词 （ peripheral adjective ）.  中心形容词（ central adjective ）如：  Green apples are sour.  Pillar-boxes are green.  外围形容词（ peripheral adjective ）如：  This is utter nonsense.  This child is asleep.

4.  3. 动态形容词和静态形容词：  形容词，按词汇意义，分为动态形容词 （ dynamic adjective ）和静态形容词（ static adjective ）.  动态形容词（ dynamic adjective ）如： tall, short, big, small, ugly, beautiful, shallow, deep, blue, white 等。  静态形容词（ static adjective ）如： abusive, ambitious, awkward, brave, calm, careful, dull, enthusiastic, extravagant, faithful, reasonable, rude, thoughtful, troublesome, vain, vicious, wicked, witty 等。

5.  4. 等级形容词和非等级形容词：  就词汇意义来说，形容词还可分为等级形容 词（ gradable adjective ）和非等级形容词 （ Non-gradable adjective ）.  等级形容词（ gradable adjective ）如：  tall---taller---tallest  beautiful---more beautiful---most beautiful  非等级形容词（ Non-gradable adjective ）如： atomic scientist, hydrochloric acid, French food, Chinese carpet  又如： perfect ， excellent, extreme 等。

6. 23.2 形容词与分词  1. 由 -ing 分词转化来的形容词：  由 -ing 分词转化来的形容词常见的有： absorbing, alarming, amusing, annoying, boring, challenging, changing, charming, comforting, confusing, convincing, deafening, discouraging, disturbing, exciting, fascinating, frightening, humiliating, insulting, obliging, perishing, pleasing, perising, tempting, terrifying, thrilling, tiring, vexing, worrying 等。

7.  2. 由 -ed 分词转化来的形容词：  由 -ed 分词转化来的形容词常见的有： alarmed, amazed, amused, balanced, bored, conceited, celebrated, civilized, disappointed, distinguished, divided, educated, embarrassed, excited, exhausted, fascinated, frightening, hurried, interested, limited, noted, offended, pleased, relaxed, reserved, satisfied, uncooked, uncovered, undecided, unsettled, worried 等。

8.  3. 主动意义和被动意义：  由 -ing 分词转化来的形容词通常带有主动意义， 而由及物动词的 -ed 分词转化来的形容词则通 常带有被动意义。如： boiling waterboiled water a charming girla charmed girl exciting newsan excited audience an interesting storyan interested look a pleasing voicea pleased look a terrifying storya terrified woman

9. 23.3 形容词（词组）作名词修饰语  1. 形容词（词组）的前置与后置：  前置形容词词序排列：限定词 --- 表示说话人 评价的形容词 --- 表示大小、形状、新旧的形 容词 --- 表示颜色的形容词 --- 表示国别、来源、 材料的形容词 --- 表示用途或目的的形容词、 名词等类别词 --- 名词中心词。  eg. The man’s first two interesting little red French oil paintings  某些中心名词所修饰的形容词只能后置：  Eg. The people involved / concerned/ interested

10.  2. 补语形容词：  补语形容词主要有两类：  一类是表示健康状况的词：  Eg. He’s very well.  You look ill.  另一类是以前缀 a- 开首的词：  Eg. The two brothers are very much alike.  I was alone in the house.  He was asleep.  Although old, he is very much alive,  The sky was aglow with the setting sun.

11.  3. 形容词词组与关系分句  凡能做后置修饰语的形容词或形容词词组， 其含义往往相当于一个关系分句。  Eg. The members present=the members who are present  Anything interesting= anything that is interesting  Anywhere quiet= anywhere that is quiet

12. 23.4 形容词词组作补语  1. 形容词 + 介词词组：  Eg. He was absent form the meeting.  I’m not yet accustomed to the cold.  Don’t be afraid of difficulties.  She felt ashamed of herself.  I was astonished at his behaviour.  Books are very dear to him.  They were terribly worried about you.

13.  2. 形容词 + 不定式：  Eg. She is stupid not to follow your advice.  =It is stupid of her not to follow your advice.  He is impossible to teach.  =It is impossible to teach him.  He was disappointed to hear about it.  =To hear about it disappointed him.

14.  3. 形容词 +that- 分句  Eg. I’m sure that we’ll succeed.  I’m glad that you like it.  She was amazed that he should arrive so soon.  I’m surprised to learn that he didn’t come.  He is confident that he will be able to pass the exam.

15. 1999  53 My cousin likes eating very much, but he isn’t very ___ about the food he eats. A. special B. peculiar C. particular D. specific

16. 1999  59. We should always bear in mind that ___ decisions often result in serious consequences. A. urgent B. instant C. prompt D. Hast y

17. 2000 57. The chances of a repetition of these unfortunate events are ___ indeed. A. distant B. slim C. unlikely D. narrow

18. 2000 61. The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seemingly___ source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized. A. exploited B. controversial C. inexhaustible D. remarkable

19. 2000 65. Dreams are___ in themselves, but when combined with other data, they can tell us much about the dreamer. A. uninformative B. startling C. harmless D. uncontrollable

20. 2001 57. You must insist that students give a truthful answer ___ with the reality of their world. A. relevant B. simultaneous C. consistent D. practical

21. 2001 61. In order to repair barns, build fence, grow crops, and care for animals a farmer must indeed be___. A. restless B. skilled C. strong D. versatile

22. 2001 63. Although he has become rich, he is still very ___ of his money. A. economic B. thrifty C. frugal D. careful

23. 2002 57. The party’s reduced vote was ______ of lack of support for its policies. A. indicative B. positive C. revealing D. evident

24. 2002 58. There has been a ______ lack of communication between the union and the management. A. regretful B. regrettable C. regretting D. regretted

25. 2002 60. The ______ family in Chinese cities now spends more money on housing than before. A. normal B. average C. usual D. general

26. 2002 63. During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find a(n) _____ room in the hotels here. A. empty B. vacant C. free D. deserted

27. 2003  60. During the summer holiday season there are no ____ rooms in this seaside hotel. A. empty B. blank C. deserted D. vacant

28. 2003  65. I think you can take a(n) ____ language course to improve your English.  A. intermediate B. middle C. medium D. mid

29. 2004 56.Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite ____. A. invaluable B. priceless C. unworthy D.worthless

30. 2004  64.Everyone who has visited the city agrees that it is ____ with life. A. vibrant B. violent C. energetic D. full

31. 2005 80. This spacious room is ________ furnished with just a few articles in it. A. lightly B. sparsely C. hardly D. rarely