1. Mr. Violanti / Mrs. Verni Iroquois High School Mr. Violanti / Mrs. Verni Iroquois High School

2. Key Terms Christopher Columbus : Italian Explorer who sails for Spain. “Discovers” America in 1492. Columbian Exchange : Transfer of goods from the New World to Europe, and Europe to the New World. Conquistador : “Conquerer”. Cortez, Pizzarro. Claimed land for Spain. Encomienda System : Spanish Colonies exist to benefit Spain. Must trade only with Spain, social classes benefit Spain. Imperialism: Control of the P.E.R.S.I.A. of another group of people. Mercantilism : Power is obtained through colonies and the raw materials they supply.

3. Key Terms Middle Passage: nickname given to the journey of slaves from Africa to the New World. Spanish Armada : Naval attack defeated by England in 1588. Ended Spanish dominance in the New World. “The Encounter”: Nickname given to Columbus discovering America. Vasco Da Gama : Sailed for Portugal. First explorer to sail around Africa to India.

5. Fall of Constantinople: 1453 Ottoman Turks (Muslims) conquer Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire. Effects: –Rise of Islamic Empire –Greek/Byzantine Scholars brought ideas to Western Europe. –Land trade routes between Europe and Asia shut down.

8. Why Did Europe Explore? 1.Muslims controlled land routes to Asia. European people DEMAND goods from Asia. 2.Spread Christianity 3.Finding a route would bring fame and fortune. G, G, G God. Glory. Gold.

9. Prince Henry, the Navigator School for Navigation, 1419

10. Known World In 1491

11. New Maritime Technologies Hartman Astrolabe (1532) Better Maps [Portulan] Mariner’s Compass

12. New Weapons Technology Superior Spanish Weapons pen

14. Vasco Da Gama opens the door to trade with Asia by sea routes, sails around Africa.

15. Christopher Columbus [1451-1506] Voyage East

16. Columbus’ Four Voyages Finding Land

17. Other Voyages of Exploration

18. 1494 :The Pope’s Line of Demarcation 1494 :The Pope’s Line of Demarcation

19. Ferdinand Magellan is the first man to circumnavigate the globe--1519 * Proves the world is round

20. Atlantic Explorations Looking for “El Dorado”

21. Conquistadors Cortez conquers AZTECS (Mexico) Pizzaro conquers INCAS (South America) End of Latin American Ancient Empires Easily defeated due to guns, disease.

22. Fernando Cortez The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs Montezuma II vs.vs. The CONQUISTADORS

23. The Death of Montezuma II

24. Aztecs Surrender to Cortez

25. Francisco Pizarro The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas Atahualpa vs.

26. MERCANTILISM Economic policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its national wealth through gold. Economic policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its national wealth through gold. OBTAIN RAW MATERIALS FROM COLONIES OBTAIN RAW MATERIALS FROM COLONIES COLONIES = GOLD = POWER COLONIES = GOLD = POWER Colonies exist for the benefit of the MOTHER COUNTRY. (Spain  Latin America) Colonies exist for the benefit of the MOTHER COUNTRY. (Spain  Latin America) COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

28. Treasures from the Americas.

29. The Encomienda Class System Peninsulares Creoles MestizosMulattos Native Indians African Slaves

30. European Empires in the Americas

31. Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill

32. New Colonial Rivals

33. Effects of European Expansion 1.Natives destroyed by disease. 2.New products introduced across the continents “Columbian Exchange”. 3.Great wealth to leaders of Spain, England, France. 4.Slave Trade. “Middle Passage” 5.Deepened colonial rivalries. -Spain vs. England (Spanish Armada) -France vs. England (French / Indian War

34. European Exploration of the New World CAUSES - Crusades -Printing Press, Maps -New Technology -Desire for Wealth -Mercantilism EFFECTS (Results) -Mercantilism & Columbian Exchange -Native American Civilizations destroyed -European Colonies settle in New World -Slavery (Middle Passage) -Spread of Christianity -European Rivalries