1. Alcohol & Drugs

2. Who drinks? Children from wealthy families –at greater risk than middle class College graduates –Less likely to drink heavily (Compared to H.S. dropouts) High school dropouts –Heavy & problem drinkers

3. Effects Body weight is a factor Women’s stomachs absorb alcohol more efficiently = higher blood alcohol levels with less drinking

4. Problems with alcohol Tolerance Dependence Withdrawal Addiction

5. Tolerance More drug to get same effect

6. Dependence Body becomes dependent on drug for normal functioning Removal = withdrawal symptoms

7. Withdrawal The “shakes” –DT’s = Delirium tremens Hallucinations Disorientation Convulsions

8. Alcohol & pregnancy Decrease in fertility = infertility Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) Stillbirths Miscarriage –Even with light to moderate drinking

9. Indirect hazards Accidents Aggressive behavior Suicidal ideas and attempts Unprotected sex Forced sexual experience

10. Why do people drink? Environment Genetics –Particularly in men

11. Alcohol dependency syndrome Impaired control Drink-seeking behavior Awareness of the compulsion to drink Withdrawal symptoms –Drink to avoid withdrawal symptoms Negative reinforcement

12. Change without therapy Spontaneous remission –Quitting without a formal cessation program

13. Relapse About = Smoking, opiate (drug) use

14. Opiate drugs (e.g. Heroin) Tolerance and dependence quickly –As little as 24 hours