1. Behaviorism – Founded by John B. Watson – He defined psychology as the study of observable behavior – Watson wanted psychology to be seen as other sciences Thought studying consciousness was not scientific, because he considered it unobservable – Said psychology must only include behaviors, because they were measurable and observable.

2. Gestalt Psychology – German for “shape” or “form” – Believe perception happens as a singular event Disagrees with structuralism – Believe psychologists should study more than behavior Disagrees with behaviorists – Says reorganizing perception (insight) is more important than repetition Disagrees with functionalism

3. Gestalt Psychology – German for “shape” or “form” – Believe perception happens as a singular event Disagrees with structuralism – Believe psychologists should study more than behavior Disagrees with behaviorists – Says reorganizing perception (insight) is more important than repetition Disagrees with functionalism

4. Psychoanalysis – Founded by Sigmund Freud – Focuses on relationship of unconscious motives, internal conflict, and behavior – Believed that unconscious processes and were more important to a person’s behavior than conscious experience – Believed behavior tries to fulfill desires of unconscious