1. 7 December 2009 Renal Physiology Lab this week: Urinalysis Review website for instructions.

2. Abstracts How to address an unsatisfactory grade: see which sections most points were lost, and concentrate on improving those sections. Revised abstract due Wednesday Exam Day at 9:00 am. Submit revised abstract, original abstract, original stats report, and 1 st Grading rubric all paper-clipped in this order, with revised abstract on top, signed only on the backside. Overall abstract grade proportion to be determined. Goal is to master the skill of writing a good abstract.

3. Renal Physiology Structures of the kidney Three fundamental renal mechanisms –Filtration –Reabsorption –Secretion Functions of the kidneys –Homeostasis Fluid balance (blood pressure) Electrolyte balance (blood pressure, membrane excitability) Acid-base balance (in concert with lungs)

4. Kidneys are source of 3 hormones: Renin, EPO, and Vit D. Kidneys are targets of 3 hormones: ADH, Aldosterone, ANH Topics discussed: cortex, medulla, kidney stones, micturition (detrussor, internal and external urethra sphincters and innervation), incidence of bladder infections by gender, urethral sphincters

5. Renal artery = One way in. Two ways out of kidney (renal vein or ureter) Distinction between urine and tubular fluid.

6. Fig. 14.04 Cortex and medulla

7. Fig. 14.02a Renal corpuscle Juxtamedullary and Cortical Nephrons Peritubular Capillaraies and branch thereof called vasa recta

8. The nephron

9. Figure 14.10 Membrane proteins are segregated into apical (luminal) and basolateral membranes.

10. Special terms Filtration: movement of fluid from blood into the lumen of the nephron Reabsorption: the movement of specific compounds from the lumen back into the blood (peritubular capillaries) Secretion: the transport of specific compounds from blood into the lumen Excretion: elimination from the body in urine

11. Fig. 14.03a

12. Fig. 14.05 Glomerular Filtration Rate is 180 L/day Three stimuli for secretion of renin from JGC

13. Fig. 14.03b

14. Figure 14.03 Ultrafiltrate of plasma enters Bowman’s space Composition same as plasma except no formed elements and no proteins

15. Fig. 14.08 variable

16. Fig. 14.09 Ways to alter GFR

17. Fig. 14.06

18. Table 14.02

19. Lab this week: Extra 800 ml intake! Sidebar: some desert animals never drink and must obtain all their water in the diet.

20. Table 14.04 Lab this week: Extra 7 g intake!

21. Figure 14.07 Net Secretion Net Reabsorption Ex: Sodium Complete Reabsorption Ex: Glucose