1. Erosion

2. Definitions Erosion- Breakdown and movement of materials by wind, water, or ice Deposition- Drop off or settling of eroded materials

3. Wind Erosion Generally occurs because there is no vegetation to hold down sand or soil Increased wind speeds moves more materials and heavier materials

4. Wind Erosion Processes Saltation- Movement of sand-sized particles by skipping and bouncing in the wind’s direction Deflation- Lifting and removal of fine sediment by wind

5. Saltation

6. Wind Erosion Processes Abrasion- grinding and wearing down of rock surfaces by other rock or sand Deposition at dunes or loess

7. Sand Dune

8. Wave Erosion Waves continually break, picking up and depositing materials Large storms with gusty winds create more wave energy leading to more erosion

9. Wave Erosion Creates sea cliffs and other coastal landforms Deposition at beaches

10. Stream Erosion Streams begin as a channel, or path the water follows The channel widens and deepens as rock and soil are moved

11. Stream Erosion Rate is affected by gradient and discharge Gradient- elevation over a certain distance Discharge- Volume of water transported in a given time

12. Underground Erosion Groundwater dissolves certain types of rock Caves form from dissolved limestone Deposits are called dripstone Stalactite and stalagmite

13. Ice Erosion Glacier- Enormous mass of moving ice Iceberg- Large piece of ice that breaks off a glacier into water Calving- Process that forms icebergs

14. Ice Erosion Thick glaciers move faster than thin glaciers Glaciers with steeper slopes move faster

15. Ice Erosion Types of glaciers Alpine glaciers forms rugged features in mountains such as the Rocky Mountain and Alps Continental glaciers smooth landscape by getting rid of existing landforms

16. Alpine Glacier erosion

17. Ice Erosion Deposition is called glacial drift Stratified Drift occurs when sediment is sorted by water flowing from melting ice Till Deposits are unsorted materials

18. Gravity Erosion by gravity is called mass movement Examples are landslides, rock fall, mudflow, and creep (slow movement of materials downward)