1. September 25, 2015 Sacramento, CA Frédéric DINGUIRARD WB PMR Expert Connecting registries Workshop “Building Registries to Support the Next Generation of Carbon Markets” Partnership for Market Readiness

2. 2 1. Placing the registry in its environment 2. Accounting for inter-registries transfers 3. Connecting registries 4. Communication protocols 5. Transaction logs Content

3. 3 Placing the registry in its environment

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6. 6 1. Placing the registry in its environment 2. Accounting for inter-registries transfers 3. Connecting registries 4. Communication protocols 5. Transaction logs Content

7. 7 Accounting for inter-registries transfers  Internal (same platform): e.g. CITSS  Linking (bilateral): Units can be transferred from one registry to the other, and vice versa e.g. Kyoto registries  Definitive transfer: consists of canceling the units in the exporting registry to re-issue it in the importing registry. Such re-issuance may be done against a “proof of cancelation” generated by the exporting registry (administrator) to avoid double counting issues. E.g. Ax1 to VCS  “Mirror" accounting: units are stored in a special account of the exporting registry and are virtually reflected in the importing registry where it can then be subject to transfer and/or cancelation operations.  For example, this is how accounting is managed for the VCS program when transfers take place between the two VCS registries: unit actually never leave the registry in which they were initially issued, and where they will be cancelled.

8. 8 Accounting for inter-registries transfers  Domestic "mirror" accounting: reconciliation issue Account Holder X Competent Authority Cancellation Account Holder Y Competent Authority Cancellation Account Holder Z Competent Authority Cancellation Registry ARegistry BRegistry C Domestic Scheme : imported units q1 q2q3 Account Holder D Account Holder EAccount Holder F Account Holder G Account Holder KAccount Holder JAccount Holder H q4 q5 q6 q7 q8 q9 q10 Manual Reconciliation q1+q2+q3=  q i And C 1 = C 2+ C 3+ C 4 4  10 Cancellation C4C4 C1C1 Exit qeqe C3C3 C2C2

9. 9 1. Placing the registry in its environment 2. Accounting for inter-registries transfers 3. Connecting registries 4. Communication protocols 5. Transaction logs Content

10. 10 IT Architecture connecting registries  Shared Registry (single IT platform)

11. 11 IT Architecture connecting registries  Peer-to-peer vs. Central Hub  Security? Scalability? Reconciliation process? Central Hub

12. 12 IT Architecture connecting registries  Peer-to-peer vs. Central Hub AdvantagesDisadvantages Central hub -Scalability -Same treatment for all transactions -Easier reconciliation -Cost and complexity are centralized and mutualized -Imposes a same level of security to all registries -Availability of the DES -Sovereignty on data -High costs if few registries are connected Peer-to- peer -Enables specific modes of exchange with certain registries -Potentially lower cost and less complex if only two registries are connected without automation -Increasing the number of registries connected increases complexity and costs and reduces responsiveness to change -A security flaw in the connection between two registries poses a risk to the whole system -Complex reconciliation process

13. 13 1. Placing the registry in its environment 2. Accounting for inter-registries transfers 3. Connecting registries 4. Communication protocols 5. Transaction logs Content

14. 14 Communication protocols  Definition  A system of rules enabling registries to communicate  Standardized (central hub) or potentially specific (peer to peer)  Benefits of a communication protocol  Integrity: Inter-registry transfers are completed or cancelled consistently in both registries  Reliability: Common processes and rules for transfers and for error detection (e.g. timeouts and retries)  Comparability: - Standardized messages and sequences - Shared data format and nomenclatures

15. 15 1. Placing the registry in its environment 2. Accounting for inter-registries transfers 3. Connecting registries 4. Communication protocols 5. Transaction logs Content

16. 16 Transaction logs  Purpose  Checking for accounting consistency, network-wide  Record Keeping  Main Benefits  Real time checks, and error solving processes  Traceability of all transactions  Archiving

17. 17 Registry connections in practice  Examples: ITL and EUTL European Union Transaction Log Other supplementary transaction log International Transaction Log Communication Hub CDM Registry National Kyoto Registry Accounting For National Commitments (Kyoto Protocol) Source: Unfccc Kyoto checks Supplementary checks

18. 18 Transaction logs  Examples: ITL and EUTL European Union Registry (EU ETS) European Union Transaction Log Other supplementary transaction log CDM Registry National Kyoto Registry Accounting For National Commitments (Kyoto Protocol) EU ETS units Source: Unfccc complemented by the author Kyoto checks Supplementary checks “Domestic Market Mechanisms” International Transaction Log Communication Hub

19. 19 Transaction logs  Examples: ITL and EUTL European Union Registry (EU ETS) European Union Transaction Log Other supplementary transaction log CDM Registry National Kyoto Registry Accounting For National Commitments (Kyoto Protocol) EU ETS units Kyoto units eligible for EU ETS compliance Source: Unfccc complemented by the author Kyoto checks Supplementary checks “Domestic Market Mechanisms” International Transaction Log Communication Hub

20. 20 Shared IT for registries  Examples: ITL and EUTL Single IT Platform EU Registries (CSEUR) European Union Transaction Log Other supplementary transaction log CDM Registry National Kyoto Registry CSEUR Kyoto checks Supplementary checks Accounting For National Commitments (Kyoto Protocol) “Domestic Market Mechanisms” EU ETS units Kyoto units eligible for EU ETS compliance Source: Unfccc complemented by the author International Transaction Log Communication Hub

21. 21 Frédéric DINGUIRARD PMR Expert fdinguirard@yahoo.fr For more information on the Partnership for Market Readiness, please contact: PMRSECRETARIAT @ WORLDBANK. ORG WWW. THEPMR. ORG Thank You for Your Attention