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Acids Lesson 8 Application of Hydrolysis pH Calculations.

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Presentation on theme: "Acids Lesson 8 Application of Hydrolysis pH Calculations."— Presentation transcript:

1 Acids Lesson 8 Application of Hydrolysis pH Calculations

2 pHEquations You must know the following equations, which are all based on the ionization of water at 25 0 C! H 2 O ⇄ H + +OH - Kw=[H + ][ OH - ]=1.00 x 10 -14 pH=-Log[H + ]pOH=-Log[OH - ] [H + ]=10 -pH [OH - ]=10 -pOH pH+pOH=pKw=14.000

3 OperationInverse - Log 10 x x ÷ Sig Figs and pH 1.00 x 10 -4 M 3 sig figs -Log 1.00 x 10 -4 = 4.000 3 sig figs The 4 is from the 10 -4 which does not count for sig figs For pH or POH only digits after the decimal are significant +

4 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M Calculation

5 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M CalculationThe number of sig figs are 2 (green)

6 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M CalculationpH = -Log[H + ] pH = -Log[2.5 x 10 -4 ] pH = 3.60 The digit before the decimal does not count as a sig fig. Both digits after the decimal count for 2 sig figs.

7 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M3.60 CalculationpH = -Log[H + ] pH = -Log[2.5 x 10 -4 ] pH = 3.60 keep all digits on the calculator- do not round!

8 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M3.60 CalculationpH + pOH = 14.00 3.60 + pOH = 14.00 pOH = 10.40

9 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M3.6010.40 Calculation[OH - ]=10 -pOH [OH - ]=10 -10.40 [OH - ]=4.0 x 10 -11 M

10 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M4.0 x 10 -11 M3.6010.40 CalculationNote that all of the entries in the last line have two sig figs!

11 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M4.0 x 10 -11 M3.6010.40 9.435 CalculationpH + pOH = 14.000 9.435 + pOH = 14.000 pOH = 4.565

12 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M4.0 x 10 -11 M3.6010.40 9.4354.565 Calculation[OH - ]=10 -pOH [OH - ]=10 -4.565 [OH - ]=2.72 x 10 -5 M

13 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M4.0 x 10 -11 M3.6010.40 2.72 x 10 -5 M9.4354.565 Calculation[H + ][OH - ]=1.00 x 10 -14 [H + ][2.72 x 10 -5 ]=1.00 x 10 -14 [H + ]=3.67 x 10 -10 M

14 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M4.0 x 10 -11 M3.6010.40 3.67 x 10 -10 M2.72 x 10 -5 M9.4354.565 CalculationNote that all of the entries in the last line have three sig figs!

15 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M4.0 x 10 -11 M3.6010.40 3.67 x 10 -10 M2.72 x 10 -5 M9.4354.565 2.6 x 10 -4 M CalculationpOH = -Log[OH - ] pOH = -Log[2.6 x 10 -4 ] pOH = 3.59

16 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M4.0 x 10 -11 M3.6010.40 3.67 x 10 -10 M2.72 x 10 -5 M9.4354.565 2.6 x 10 -4 M3.59 CalculationpH + pOH = 14.000 pH + 3.59 = 14.000 pOH = 10.41

17 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M4.0 x 10 -11 M3.6010.40 3.67 x 10 -10 M2.72 x 10 -5 M9.4354.565 2.6 x 10 -4 M10.413.59 Calculation[H + ]=10 -pH [H + ]=10 -10.41 [H + ]=3.8 x 10 -11 M

18 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M4.0 x 10 -11 M3.6010.40 3.67 x 10 -10 M2.72 x 10 -5 M9.4354.565 3.8 x 10 -11 M 2.6 x 10 -4 M10.413.59 CalculationNote that all of the entries in the last line have two sig figs!

19 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M4.0 x 10 -11 M3.6010.40 3.67 x 10 -10 M2.72 x 10 -5 M9.4354.565 3.8 x 10 -11 M 2.6 x 10 -4 M10.413.59 8.40

20 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M4.0 x 10 -11 M3.6010.40 3.67 x 10 -10 M2.72 x 10 -5 M9.4354.565 3.8 x 10 -11 M 2.6 x 10 -4 M10.413.59 4.0 x 10 -9 M8.40

21 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M4.0 x 10 -11 M3.6010.40 3.67 x 10 -10 M2.72 x 10 -5 M9.4354.565 3.8 x 10 -11 M 2.6 x 10 -4 M10.413.59 4.0 x 10 -9 M8.40

22 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M4.0 x 10 -11 M3.6010.40 3.67 x 10 -10 M2.72 x 10 -5 M9.4354.565 3.8 x 10 -11 M 2.6 x 10 -4 M10.413.59 2.5 x 10 -6 M4.0 x 10 -9 M8.40

23 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M4.0 x 10 -11 M3.6010.40 3.67 x 10 -10 M2.72 x 10 -5 M9.4354.565 3.8 x 10 -11 M 2.6 x 10 -4 M10.413.59 2.5 x 10 -6 M4.0 x 10 -9 M5.60 8.40

24 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M4.0 x 10 -11 M3.6010.40 3.67 x 10 -10 M2.72 x 10 -5 M9.4354.565 3.8 x 10 -11 M 2.6 x 10 -4 M10.413.59 2.5 x 10 -6 M4.0 x 10 -9 M5.60 8.40 CalculationNote that all of the entries in the last line have two sig figs!

25 pHCalculations [H + ][OH - ]pHpOH 2.5 x 10 -4 M4.0 x 10 -11 M3.6010.40 acid 3.67 x 10 -10 M2.72 x 10 -5 M9.4354.565basic 3.8 x 10 -11 M 2.6 x 10 -4 M10.413.59basic 2.5 x 10 -6 M4.0 x 10 -9 M5.60 8.40acid If the pH is lower than 7, the solution is acidic! If the pH is greater than 7, the solution is basic!

26 1.Calculate the pH of 0.40 M HI. HI  H + +I - 0.40 M0.40 M0.40 M pH = -Log[H + ] pH = -Log[0.40] pH = 0.40

27 2.Calculate the pH of 0.030 M Ba(OH) 2. Ba(OH) 2  Ba 2+ +2OH - 0.030 M0.030 M0.060 M pOH = -Log[OH - ] pOH = -Log[0.060] pOH = 1.22 pH + pOH = 14.000 pH + 1.22 = 14.000 pH = 12.78

28 3.Calculate the pH of 100.0 mL of 1.0 M HCl after 300.0 mL of water is added to it. HCl  H + +Cl - 1001.0 M 4000.25 M0.25 M pH=0.60 http://youtube.com/watch?v=xbf0HdLwLZA

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