1. PHYSICS

2.  Energy spreads in all direction from an energy producing source.  Energy spreads much like the ripples in this water.

3.  The wavelength determines the amount of energy.  Short wavelengths have a higher energy.  Long wavelength have a lower energy.

4.  Sound waves require a medium to travel through. Sound does not travel in a vacuum.  High frequency sounds are higher pitched.  Low frequency sounds are lower pitched.  The volume is how intense the sound is.

5.  Elephants can hear very low frequency sounds for miles (infrasound range.  Sound waves vibrate a thin membrane on the cricket’s front legs.

6.  Ultrasounds use the reflections of high frequency sound waves to construct an image of a body or ogans.

7.  Heat transfer in three different ways Conduction- Heat transfers from one object to another that are in contact. The spoon heats because it is in hot soup. This transfer happens by movement of currents due to differences in Electromagnet waves densities. Hotter particlesdirectly transfer this Are less dense. heat through space.

8.  Cold-blooded creatures take on the temperature of their surroundings.  To generate heat, warm-blooded animals convert the food they eat into energy.

9.  A thermographic camera is a device that forms an image using infrared radiation.

11.  All energy in the electromagnetic spectrum travels at the same speed 186,000 miles per second.  Wavelength is what determines the type of energy.  Visible light is only a small part of the spectrum.  Visible light is separated into the colors of the rainbow.

12.  When white light shines through a prism, that light is broken into the part of the visible light spectrum.  Each color corresponds to a different wavelength.

13.  The dragonfly eye contains 30,000 lenses to bend the light energy entering it.  The visual acuity of a falcon is 2.6 times better than a human.

14.  Telescopes consist of an arrangement of lenses and mirrors that gather visible light permitting direct observation of distant objects.

15.  Potential energy – energy an object has due to its position.  Kinetic energy – energy possessed by a body by virtue of it being in motion.

16.  Chemical energyElectrical energy  Light energyNuclear energy  Heat energy  Mechanical energySound energy

17.  The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.  Energy can convert from one kind of energy to another.

18.  Gravity is a pulling force that is exerted on objects.  Gravity is an attractive force between all matter.

19.  Mass is the amount of Earth matter contained in an object. Weight is the measure of the force of gravity. Moon

20.  Gravitational force depends on the mass of the object.  Gravity pulls harder on the more massive object.

21.  Gravitational force also depends upon the distance of the object.  Planets closer to the sun have a greater gravitational pull

22.  Motion is a change in action or position as a result of an unbalanced force.  Isaac Newton described the relationship between the forces acting on a body and its motion due to those forces.

23.  1 – Law of Inertia – An object at rest wants to stay at rest. An object in motion wants to stay in motion.  2 – F=ma – Force equals mass x acceleration  3- For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

24.  Work is using force to move something through a distance.

25.  Machines make work easier. They all belong to the lever or inclined plane families.

26.  How much easier and faster a machine makes your work is the mechanical advantage of that machine.  The mechanical advantage I the number of times the machine multiplies your force.

27.  Lever Length of lever arm / length of resistant arm  Pulley  number of ropes over the pulley  Wheel and axle  Radius of wheel / radius of axle  Inclined plane  Length of slope / height of slope

28.  Complex machines are a group of simple machines that all work together to accomplish a task.