1. Work and Energy
Ch. 9.3 What is Energy?

2. Section 9.3 Objectives
Explain the relationship between energy and work.
Define potential energy and kinetic energy.
Calculate kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy.
Distinguish between mechanical and non- mechanical energy.
Identify non-mechanical forms of energy.

3. Energy and Work Energy is the ability to do work.
Both Work and Energy are measured in Joules (J).
A stretched slingshot has
the ability to do work.

4. Potential Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy - Energy associated with position of object relative to Earth or gravitational source.
Formula :
PEg = Mass x Free-fall acceleration x height
PEg = mgh
Where m = mass in kilograms (kg)
g = gravity 9.8 m/s2
h = height in meters (m)
Potential Energy is stored energy resulting from the relative positions of objects in a system.
Two types of potential energy are:
Elastic Potential Energy – energy stored in any type of stretched or compressed elastic material.
Ex:

5. Kinetic Energy
Kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object due to its motion.
Kinetic energy depends on both mass and speed of an object.
Formula :
kinetic energy = ½ x mass x speed squared
KE = ½ mv2
Notice speed is squared; KE depends on speed more than mass.

6. Mechanical and Non-mechanical Energy
Examples:
Atoms & molecules – kinetic energy
Chemical reactions – potential energy
Photosynthesis – chemical energy
Food – chemical energy
Sunlight – solar energy
Electricity – electric energy
Electromagnetic (light) waves – non mechanical
Together, the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy make up mechanical energy.
Energy that lies at the level of atoms and that does not affect motion on a large scale is known as non-mechanical energy.

7. Forms of Energy Energy Mechanical Kinetic Potential Non- mechanical
Chemical
Nuclear
Thermal
Electrical

8. Section 9.3 Summary Energy is the ability to do work.
Like work, energy is measured in joules.
Potential energy is stored energy.
Elastic potential energy is stored in any stretched or compressed elastic material.
The gravitational potential energy of an object is determined by its mass, its height, and g, the free-fall acceleration due to gravity. PE = mgh.
An object’s kinetic energy is energy of motion, is determined by its mass and speed. KE = ½ mv2.
Potential energy and kinetic energy are forms of mechanical energy.
In addition to mechanical energy, most systems contain non mechanical energy.
Non mechanical energy does not usually affect systems on a large scale.