1. Petroleum in context Petrolm in context University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

2. Petroleum in its chemical/physical context: University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

3. Petroleum in its chemical/physical context: University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

4. Petroleum in its chemical/physical context: University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

5. Petroleum in its chemical/physical context: University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

6. Petroleum in its (larger) natural context: The critical elements of a petroleum accumulation: Seal (a.k.a. “cap rock”) Trap Reservoir Migration pathway Source Acronym: SMaRTS University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology conventional ^

7. Petroleum in its (larger) natural context: The critical elements of a petroleum accumulation: Seal (a.k.a. “cap rock”) Trap Reservoir Migration pathway Source Acronym: SMaRTS University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

20. Shepherd 2009

21. Petroleum in its (immediate) natural context: Reservoir - body of rock in which an accumulation of oil and/or gas resides - “formation” in petrophysical/engineering language - “the sand” in roughneck language Critical reservoir characteristics: Porosity - non-mineral-filled space (“void space”) Pore throats - connections between pores Permeability - extent to which a fluid will pass through something (here, the reservoir) Thickness Continuity University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

22. Petroleum in its (immediate) natural context: Reservoir - body of rock in which an accumulation of oil resides - “formation” in petrophysical/engineering language - “the sand” in roughneck language Critical reservoir characteristics: Porosity - non-mineral-filled space (“void space”) Pore throats - connections between pores Permeability - extent to which a fluid will pass through something (here, the reservoir) Thickness Continuity University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

23. Petroleum in its (immediate) natural context: Reservoir - body of rock in which an accumulation of oil resides - “formation” in petrophysical/engineering language - “the sand” in roughneck language Critical reservoir characteristics: Porosity - non-mineral-filled space (“void space”) Pore throats - connections between pores Permeability - extent to which a fluid will pass through something (here, the reservoir) Thickness Continuity University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

24. Petroleum in its (immediate) natural context: Reservoir - body of rock in which an accumulation of oil resides - “formation” in petrophysical/engineering language - “the sand” in roughneck language Critical reservoir characteristics: Porosity - non-mineral-filled space (“void space”) Pore throats - connections between pores Permeability - extent to which a fluid will pass through something (here, the reservoir) Thickness Continuity University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

25. Petroleum in its (immediate) natural context: Reservoir - body of rock in which an accumulation of oil resides - “formation” in petrophysical/engineering language - “the sand” in roughneck language Critical reservoir characteristics: Porosity - non-mineral-filled space (“void space”) Pore throats - connections between pores Permeability - extent to which a fluid will pass through something (here, the reservoir) Thickness Continuity University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

26. Petroleum in its (immediate) natural context: Reservoir - body of rock in which an accumulation of oil resides - “formation” in petrophysical/engineering language - “the sand” in roughneck language Critical reservoir characteristics: Porosity - non-mineral-filled space (“void space”) Pore throats - connections between pores Permeability - extent to which a fluid will pass through something (here, the reservoir) Thickness Continuity University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

28. Petroleum in its (immediate) natural context: Reservoir - body of rock in which an accumulation of oil resides - “formation” in petrophysical/engineering language - “the sand” in roughneck language Critical reservoir characteristics: Porosity - non-mineral-filled space (“void space”) Pore throats - connections between pores Permeability - extent to which a fluid will pass through something (here, the reservoir) Thickness Continuity University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

29. Petroleum in its (immediate) natural context: Reservoir - body of rock in which an accumulation of oil resides - “formation” in petrophysical/engineering language - “the sand” in roughneck language Critical reservoir characteristics: Porosity - non-mineral-filled space (“void space”) Pore throats - connections between pores Permeability - extent to which a fluid will pass through something (here, the reservoir) Wetting properties - extent to which water or non-aqueous-phase fluid is in contact with mineral surfaces Thickness Continuity University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

31. Petroleum in its (immediate) natural context: Reservoir - body of rock in which an accumulation of oil resides - “formation” in petrophysical/engineering language - “the sand” in roughneck language Critical reservoir characteristics: Porosity - non-mineral-filled space (“void space”) Pore throats - connections between pores Permeability - extent to which a fluid will pass through something (here, the reservoir) Wetting properties - extent to which water or non-aqueous-phase fluid is in contact with mineral surfaces Thickness Continuity University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

32. Petroleum in its (immediate) natural context: Reservoir - body of rock in which an accumulation of oil resides - “formation” in petrophysical/engineering language - “the sand” in roughneck language Critical reservoir characteristics: Porosity - non-mineral-filled space (“void space”) Pore throats - connections between pores Permeability - extent to which a fluid will pass through something (here, the reservoir) Wetting properties - extent to which water or non-aqueous-phase fluid is in contact with mineral surfaces Thickness Continuity University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

33. Topics of this course Progress in development of petroleum resources Gluyas & Swarbrick 2004 Non-geoscience topics “Upstream” “Downstream” University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

34. Topics of this course Progress in development of petroleum resources Exploration Basin characterization Leads and Prospects Wildcatting Appraisal Development/Production Primary production Secondary production Tertiary production Refining Marketing Gluyas & Swarbrick 2004 Non-geoscience topics “Upstream” “Downstream” University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

35. Topics of this course Progress in development of petroleum resources Exploration Basin characterization Leads and Prospects Wildcatting Appraisal Development/Production Primary production Secondary production Tertiary production Refining Marketing Gluyas & Swarbrick 2004 Non-geoscience topics “Upstream” “Downstream” University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

36. Topics of this course Progress in development of petroleum resources Exploration Basin characterization Leads and Prospects Wildcatting Appraisal Development/Production Primary production Secondary production Tertiary production Refining Marketing Gluyas & Swarbrick 2004 Non-geoscience topics “Upstream” “Downstream” University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

37. Topics of this course Progress in development of petroleum resources Exploration Basin characterization Leads and Prospects Wildcatting Appraisal Development/Production Primary production Secondary production Tertiary production Refining Marketing Gluyas & Swarbrick 2004 Non-geoscience topics “Upstream” “Downstream” University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

39. Boreholes as geoscience resources University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

40. Boreholes University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

41. Boreholes University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

42. Boreholes University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

43. Boreholes University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

44. Boreholes University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

45. Boreholes University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

46. Human context: Some Organizations/Institutions: AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists An organization of people (~31,000 members) Goals are science, education, and professional development Publishes AAPG Bulletin SEG - Society of Exploration Geophysicists An organization of people (~28,000 members) Goals are science and education; publishes Geophysics API - American Petroleum Institute An organization of corporations Goals are advocacy and standardization OPEC - Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries A cartel of nations OPEC members collectively hold 79% of world crude oil reserves and 44% of the world’s crude oil production. (Iran Investment Monthly November 2010) Headquarters in Tulsa Headquarters in Washington, DC Headquarters in Vienna University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

47. Human context: Some Organizations/Institutions: AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists An organization of people (~31,000 members) Goals are science, education, and professional development Publishes AAPG Bulletin SEG - Society of Exploration Geophysicists An organization of people (~28,000 members) Goals are science and education; publishes Geophysics API - American Petroleum Institute An organization of corporations Goals are advocacy and standardization OPEC - Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries A cartel of nations OPEC members collectively hold 79% of world crude oil reserves and 44% of the world’s crude oil production. (Iran Investment Monthly November 2010) Headquarters in Tulsa Headquarters in Washington, DC Headquarters in Vienna University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

48. Human context: Some Organizations/Institutions: AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists An organization of people (~31,000 members) Goals are science, education, and professional development Publishes AAPG Bulletin SEG - Society of Exploration Geophysicists An organization of people (~28,000 members) Goals are science and education; publishes Geophysics API - American Petroleum Institute An organization of corporations Goals are advocacy and standardization OPEC - Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries A cartel of nations OPEC members collectively hold 79% of world crude oil reserves and 44% of the world’s crude oil production. (Iran Investment Monthly November 2010) Headquarters in Tulsa Headquarters in Washington, DC Headquarters in Vienna University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

49. Human context: Some Organizations/Institutions: AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists An organization of people (~31,000 members) Goals are science, education, and professional development Publishes AAPG Bulletin SEG - Society of Exploration Geophysicists An organization of people (~28,000 members) Goals are science and education; publishes Geophysics API - American Petroleum Institute An organization of corporations Goals are advocacy and standardization OPEC - Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries A cartel of nations OPEC members collectively hold 79% of world crude oil reserves and 44% of the world’s crude oil production. (Iran Investment Monthly November 2010) Headquarters in Tulsa Headquarters in Washington, DC Headquarters in Vienna University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

50. Human context: Some Organizations/Institutions: AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists An organization of people (~31,000 members) Goals are science, education, and professional development Publishes AAPG Bulletin SEG - Society of Exploration Geophysicists An organization of people (~28,000 members) Goals are science and education; publishes Geophysics API - American Petroleum Institute An organization of corporations Goals are advocacy and standardization OPEC - Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries A cartel of nations OPEC members collectively hold 79% of world crude oil reserves and 44% of the world’s crude oil production. (Iran Investment Monthly November 2010) Headquarters in Tulsa Headquarters in Washington, DC Headquarters in Vienna University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

56. Human context: Some Organizations/Institutions: AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists An organization of people (~31,000 members) Goals are science, education, and professional development Publishes AAPG Bulletin SEG - Society of Exploration Geophysicists An organization of people (~28,000 members) Goals are science and education; publishes Geophysics API - American Petroleum Institute An organization of corporations Goals are advocacy and standardization OPEC - Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries A cartel of nations OPEC members collectively hold 79% of world crude oil reserves and 44% of the world’s crude oil production. (Iran Investment Monthly November 2010) Headquarters in Tulsa Headquarters in Washington, DC Headquarters in Vienna University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

61. Human context: Some Organizations/Institutions: AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists An organization of people (~31,000 members) Goals are science, education, and professional development Publishes AAPG Bulletin SEG - Society of Exploration Geophysicists An organization of people (~28,000 members) Goals are science and education; publishes Geophysics API - American Petroleum Institute An organization of corporations Goals are advocacy and standardization OPEC - Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries A cartel of nations OPEC members collectively hold 79% of world crude oil reserves and 44% of the world’s crude oil production. (Iran Investment Monthly November 2010) Headquarters in Tulsa Headquarters in Washington, DC Headquarters in Vienna University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

62. Human context: Some Organizations/Institutions: AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists An organization of people (~31,000 members) Goals are science, education, and professional development Publishes AAPG Bulletin SEG - Society of Exploration Geophysicists An organization of people (~28,000 members) Goals are science and education; publishes Geophysics API - American Petroleum Institute An organization of corporations Goals are advocacy and standardization OPEC - Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries A cartel of nations OPEC members collectively hold 79% of world crude oil reserves and 44% of the world’s crude oil production. (Iran Investment Monthly November 2010) Headquarters in Tulsa Headquarters in Washington, DC Headquarters in Vienna University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

63. Human context: Some Organizations/Institutions: AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists An organization of people (~31,000 members) Goals are science, education, and professional development Publishes AAPG Bulletin SEG - Society of Exploration Geophysicists An organization of people (~28,000 members) Goals are science and education; publishes Geophysics API - American Petroleum Institute An organization of corporations Goals are advocacy and standardization OPEC - Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries A cartel of nations OPEC members collectively hold 79% of world crude oil reserves and 44% of the world’s crude oil production. (Iran Investment Monthly November 2010) Headquarters in Tulsa Headquarters in Washington, DC Headquarters in Vienna University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

65. Human context: Some Organizations/Institutions: AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists An organization of people (~31,000 members) Goals are science, education, and professional development Publishes AAPG Bulletin SEG - Society of Exploration Geophysicists An organization of people (~28,000 members) Goals are science and education; publishes Geophysics API - American Petroleum Institute An organization of corporations Goals are advocacy and standardization OPEC - Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries A cartel of nations OPEC members collectively hold 79% of world crude oil reserves and 44% of the world’s crude oil production. (Iran Investment Monthly November 2010) Headquarters in Tulsa Headquarters in Washington, DC Headquarters in Vienna University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

66. Human context: Some Organizations/Institutions: AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists An organization of people (~31,000 members) Goals are science, education, and professional development Publishes AAPG Bulletin SEG - Society of Exploration Geophysicists An organization of people (~28,000 members) Goals are science and education; publishes Geophysics API - American Petroleum Institute An organization of corporations Goals are advocacy and standardization OPEC - Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries A cartel of nations OPEC members collectively hold 79% of world crude oil reserves and 44% of the world’s crude oil production. (Iran Investment Monthly November 2010) Headquarters in Tulsa Headquarters in Washington, DC Headquarters in Vienna University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

67. Human context: Some Organizations/Institutions: AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists An organization of people (~31,000 members) Goals are science, education, and professional development Publishes AAPG Bulletin SEG - Society of Exploration Geophysicists An organization of people (~28,000 members) Goals are science and education; publishes Geophysics API - American Petroleum Institute An organization of corporations Goals are advocacy and standardization OPEC - Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries A cartel of nations OPEC members collectively hold 79% of world crude oil reserves and 44% of the world’s crude oil production. (Iran Investment Monthly November 2010) Headquarters in Tulsa Headquarters in Washington, DC Headquarters in Vienna University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

69. Human context: Some Organizations/Institutions: AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists An organization of people (~31,000 members) Goals are science, education, and professional development Publishes AAPG Bulletin SEG - Society of Exploration Geophysicists An organization of people (~28,000 members) Goals are science and education; publishes Geophysics API - American Petroleum Institute An organization of corporations Goals are advocacy and standardization OPEC - Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries A cartel of nations OPEC members collectively hold 79% of world crude oil reserves and 44% of the world’s crude oil production. (Iran Investment Monthly November 2010) Headquarters in Tulsa Headquarters in Washington, DC Headquarters in Vienna University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

70. Human context: Some Organizations/Institutions: AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists An organization of people (~31,000 members) Goals are science, education, and professional development Publishes AAPG Bulletin SEG - Society of Exploration Geophysicists An organization of people (~28,000 members) Goals are science and education; publishes Geophysics API - American Petroleum Institute An organization of corporations Goals are advocacy and standardization OPEC - Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries A cartel of nations OPEC members collectively hold 79% of world crude oil reserves and 44% of the world’s crude oil production. (Iran Investment Monthly November 2010) Headquarters in Tulsa Headquarters in Washington, DC Headquarters in Vienna University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

71. Human context: Some Organizations/Institutions: AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists An organization of people (~31,000 members) Goals are science, education, and professional development Publishes AAPG Bulletin SEG - Society of Exploration Geophysicists An organization of people (~28,000 members) Goals are science and education; publishes Geophysics API - American Petroleum Institute An organization of corporations Goals are advocacy and standardization OPEC - Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries A cartel of nations OPEC members collectively hold 79% of world crude oil reserves and 44% of the world’s crude oil production. (Iran Investment Monthly November 2010) Headquarters in Tulsa Headquarters in Washington, DC Headquarters in Vienna University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology