1. HIST 2509 A History of Germany Lecture W3-1 Defeat, Revolution, and the Early Republic

2. TA Office Hours Meaghan Harris (L-Z 2% applied to final grade) Email: emharris@connect.carleton.ca 437 Paterson Hall Tuesday January 17 11:30-1:00 Friday January 20 1:00-2:30 Tuesday January 24 11:30-1:00

3. TA Office Hours Margaret Watts (A-G 2% not applied -- I will do this on spreadsheet, no worries!) Email: mwatts@connect.carleton.ca 1302 Dunton Tower Wednesday January 18, 25 12-1pm Friday January 20, 27 10-11am

4. Today’s Main Themes promises made, promises kept? total war at home and away truly a stab in the back? postwar chaos =understanding the weaknesses of Weimar

5. I. Peace in the Castle? a.total war on the home/front -from mythic victories early on (Tannenburg, Masurian Lakes 1914) -to Langemarck 1914 and the slaughter of 1916 (Verdun, Somme, Jutland, and the Brusilov Offensive)

6. I. Peace in the Castle? a.total war on the home/front -to Langemarck 1914 and the slaughter of 1916 (Verdun, Somme, Jutland, and the Brusilov Offensive) FROM REINHARD DITHMAR, DER LANGEMARCK-MYTHOS IN DICHTUNG UND UNTERRICHT (Neuwied Luchterhand, 1992). This image of a singing student volunteer appeared in a Nazi-era book.

7. I. Peace in the Castle? a.total war on the home/front -Hindenburg Programme 1916 -industrial refashioning -scarcity and urban unrest "Wir lassen uns nicht aushungern!” Verein für Kindervolksküchen und Kinderhorte, 1915

8. I. Peace in the Castle? -"Turnip Winter 1916/17 -Ersatzbrot; newspaper nappiesErsatzbrot -750,000 die due to starvation alone

9. I. Peace in the Castle? b. new fault lines to contend with -despite initial support for the war, the 1915 Manifesto -hatred by 1916, from the left but meandering to the centre -Kaiser's 1917 Easter Speech and promised reforms -last-ditch offensive, mutiny, and finally defeat

10. Armistice Graphic depiction after 1918 of Matthias Erzberger in Compiegne France with Ferdinand Foch

11. II. The Face of Defeat a. 1918/19 Revolution and temporary government -from Brest-Litovsk -to the streets of Berlin -worker's, soldier's, sailor's councilsworker's, soldier's, sailor's councils -abdication of the Kaiser -general strike -revolution At the dutch border

12. II. The Face of Defeat Philipp Scheidemann proclaims a republic in Berlin November 9, 1918 DHM Photo So does Karl Liebknecht -- A socialist republic at the Berlin Palace Reichstag

13. Warp Ahead: the Stadtschloss 1945 The Liebknecht Portal

14. Palast der Republik

15. Battleground Berlin FreikorpsCommunist soldiers

16. The Landwehrkanal murders

17. Post-murder celebrations January 15, 1919, Eden Hotel Berlin

18. Postwar Commemoration Freikorps paraphernalia Liebknecht, Luxemburg and Thaelmann: GDR’s martyrs www.arbeiterfotografie.com/reportage

19. II. The Face of Defeat b. the Weimar Constitution – the Basic Law -finally, a solution to the German Question? -women’s suffrage -universal manhood suffrage c. the Versailles Diktat -Wilson’s 14 points -the dictated peace -reparations -John Maynard Keynes

20. September 1, 1923

21. A woman feeds a stovepipe with RM From the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Archive

22. III. The Unsung Republic a. putsches and coups b. assassinations c. inflation d. reparations and Ruhr occupation e. gradual international acceptance at least for a time

23. -Kapp-Putsch 1920, Luettzow Putsch -Beer Hall 1923 -Thuringia and Saxony a. putsches and coups Kapp-Putschists spreading leaflets in front of Reichs Chancellery in Berlin DHM Berlin, 13. März 1920

24. b. assassinations EnzenbergerRathenau Eisner

25. -passive resistance -Rhineland BastardsRhineland Bastards Hands off the Ruhr! Anti-French placard by Theo Matejko from 1923 DHM c. inflation 1923 d. reparations and Ruhr and Rhineland Occupation

26. -the infirm -600,000 war widows -2.7 million veterans -6 million children lost one or both parents -rift between l and r gone? e. stabilization and acceptance 1923-29 f. integration: healing of past wounds? From the series, Victims of the First World War, 1933