1. POWER GRID CORP. OF INDIA LTD. Dr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia
WELCOMES
Dr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia
Dy. Chairman,
Planning Commisson

2. An Analogy – Power System & Human Body
RLDC::Brain
Generation :: Heart
USER
Voltage :: BP
Frequency:: Heart beat
Sub-Transmission :: Sub-Arteries
Transmission :: Main Arteries
Distribution :: Capillaries

3. POWERGRID
MISSION
Establishment and operation of Regional and National Power Grids to facilitate transfer of power within and across the Regions with reliability, security and economy on sound commercial principles

4. POWERGRID -An Overview
A neutral transmission service provider.
Started Commercial Operations from
Wheels 45,000 MW i.e. more than 40% of the power generated.
Operates and Maintains
50,000 circuit kms of EHV transmission System
82 nos of EHVAC & HVDC sub-stations
With System Availability over 99.5%.

5. TRANSFORMER CAPACITY (MVA) TURNOVER AND NET PROFIT
Growth of POWERGRID
TRANSFORMER CAPACITY (MVA)
GROSS FIXED ASSET (RS. CRORES)
TURNOVER AND NET PROFIT
MANPOWER
* REVICED CERC TARIFF NORMS
* MANPOWER TRANSFERRED FROM CEA

6. Efforts made by POWERGRID to Stabilize and Commercialize Power Sector
Establishment of National Grid
Modernisation of RLDCs
Introduction of Availability Based Tariff Mechanism to both Generators and Consumers
Manning of RLDCs by Senior Level Personnel
Introduction of “Open Access”

7. Need for Strong National Grid
Generation resources in pockets and remote
Load Centres dispersed and distant
Multiple Loops and Rings desirable to ensure
Safety, Security and Reliability
Demand fluctuations on daily/ seasonal variation
Economy of Operations
Reduction in generation reserves
Thermal /Nuclear /combined gas as base operation. Costly power plants on marit order. Hydro for peaking. Reservoir/ pump stroage run of the river as base load

8. Formation of National Grid
………a continuous process
Present Capacity 9,000 MW
Future Capacity –30,000MW by 2012
Investment Required by :Rs. 71,000 Crores
By POWERGRID :Rs. 51,000 Crore
By Pvt. Investors :Rs.20,000 Crores
This investment will also take care evacuation of Central Sector Share of generation planned till 2012.
Creation of National Grid of 30,000 MW Capacity will lead to reduction in Capacity addition of 13,000MW i.e. saving of Rs. 50,000 Crore in investments besides fuel cost saving.

9. Derived economics of National Grid
Merit Order
Pit head stations PLF increased
Costly Generation - Boxed up /reduced
Exchange of 18,500 MUs in equivalent to Generating Station of 3000 MW Capacity
Estimated National Saving
Rs. 12,000 Crores in fresh investments
Rs. 1,850 Crores in fuel cost
Additional Saving in Fuel Transportation
Expected exchanges in : ,000 MUs
Hydro plant usage– a paradigm shift
Importance of Pumped Storage Plants achieved
Harnessing of the diversity in occurrence of the Peak Demand amongst Regions , thus peak load flattened

10. Inter-Regional Exchanges

11. Modernisation of RLDC/SLDCs by POWERGRID
Region
Taken Over from CEA
ULDC Commissioning
Southern
Northern
North-Eastern
Eastern
June 2005*
Western
March 2006*
* Scheduled Target
Unified Approach - Features - Hierarchical
State of Art Load Despatch Centres at Regional and State/Area Level.

12. Grid Operation Hierarchy Plant/Sub Station Level
NLDC
National Level
ERLDC
Region Level
WRLDC
NRLDC
SRLDC
NERLDC
5 Nos.
State HQ Level
23 Nos.
SLDC
51 Nos.
SUB LDC
Group of Distt. Level
RTU
1160 Nos.
Plant/Sub Station Level

13. AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF (ABT)
Spearheaded by POWERGRID
Features:
Unique commercial mechanism linked with frequency
Fixed Charges i.e. Capacity charges
As per Plant Availability.
Variable Charges i.e. Energy charges
As per Schedule.
Unscheduled Interchange(UI) i.e. deviations from schedule ( Schedule – Actual)
Price as per prevailing system frequency
Typical Schedule & Drawal

14. AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF
Achievements
Implemented between July 2002 and Nov.’2003
Improved quality of supply.
Unutilised capacity harnessed-Pumped Storage
Merit order Operation.
Grid discipline
Emphasis on load forecasting
Discourage overdrawals during low frequency
Facilitate bi-lateral trading
Maximisation of generation availability

15. Grid Status – Before formation of National Grid, Modernisation of RLDCs and introduction of ABT
Large Frequency fluctuations
48.0Hz to 52 Hz.
Low Voltages
400kV going down upto 300kV
Frequent Grid Disturbances
Sub-Optimal Operation
High Technical loss
Grid Operation on fire fighting instead of Optimisation & Economy

16. Open Access in inter-State Transmission
Guidelines formulated by POWERGRID in consultation with CERC and implemented w.e.f. May’2004
Non- discriminatory / Transparent Process
Freedom to buy/sell power
Efficient Market Mechanism to address supply / demand mismatches
Encourage investment in Transmission
Overwhelming response –
More than 200 additional transactions effected from May’04 till Aug.’04
5300 MUs transacted through Open Access besides unscheduled interexchanges

17. MARKET DESIGN Short Term Open Access– (upto 1 year usage)
Trading of surpluses
Subject to
inherent design margins,
margin available due to variation in power flow,
in-built spare capacity available
Economically priced ( ¼ th of long term transmission charges)
Reliable settlement system
Long Term Open Access– ( >25 year usage)
Subject to System Studies and transmission planning criteria for augmentation/ new transmission Schemes
Higher Priority over Short Term Open Access

18. Market Design… Trading UI – Spot Market
Unscheduled exchanges with the pool.
No trader involved
Price linked to system frequency which is displayed on the users screen
Robust settlement system
No vested interest of POWERGRID
Trading
Long / Short term directly or through trader under bilateral contracts.

19. International Practices in Grid Operation
Two Models
TSO (Transmission System Operator)
responsible for Transmission and System development and Operation.
Being practiced in U.K., South Africa,France, Malaysia, Korea & other European countries
ISO (Independent System Operator)
Being practiced in USA, Germany, Spain on co-operative approach
Transmission with multiple agencies
USA now shifting towards TSO
Canada mix of TSO & ISO
China : TSO + Generation

20. CHALLENGES Right of Way becoming increasingly difficult on account of
Forest Clearance
Tree Cutting
Reduction of Land Value
Being addressed as under:
Design of Compact Tower & Tall Towers as per need
Uprating & Upgrading of existing Transmission lines through
Use of High Temperature Conductors
Use of Series Capacitors with/without Thyristor Control
Conversion from low voltage to high voltage
Law & Order
J&K,NER, Telangana, Bihar
Demand Supply Gap- threatens the Grid Stability
Private sector investment
Time consuming process for project approval

21. Few Suggestions ……………………… to rejuvenate Power Sector.?
Institution Building
Network expansion
Transmission
Sub. Transmission
Distribution
Augmentation of Load Despatch & Communication in distribution leading to
Transparency and Trust Building at all levels
Distributed Generation
Introduction of Intra-State ABT
Open Access in Intra State Transmission & Distribution
Flattening of Load Curve leading to
Economic power supply to agriculture in odd hours
Creation of robust uniform market mechanism

22. THE NATIONAL INTEGRATOR THE FLAG BEARER OF THE POWER SECTOR
POWERGRID
THE NATIONAL INTEGRATOR
ELECTRICALLY
&
CULTURALLY
THE FLAG BEARER OF THE POWER SECTOR

23. POWERGRID, INDIA
Thank You

24. Grid Incidences
Excluding NER

25. Frequency variation of 48.3 Hz to 51.5 Hz
Load Curve of Northern Region for
Frequency variation of 48.3 Hz to 51.5 Hz
FREQUENCY
LOAD
Load variation of 9000 to MW

26. Frequency Profile of SR
NEXT

27. Frequency Profile of ER
FREQUENCY CURVE
6th June02
6th June03
47.00
48.00
49.00
50.00
51.00
52.00
53.00 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Time (Hrs.)
Frqe (Hz.)

28. THE POWER ‘HIGHWAY’ 765 KV RING MAIN SYSTEM
CHEAP HYDRO POWER FROM THE NORTH-EAST AND PIT HEAD THERMAL POWER FROM THE EAST ENTERS THE RING AND EXITS TO POWER STARVED REGIONS

30. Generation PLF (Thermal) ER
Utility
% PLF
% increase
BSEB
11.4
NIL
JSEB 25 23 -8
DVC 39 44 12
Orissa 64 75 17
WBPDCL 55 56 2
CESC 68 72 5
DPL 40 41
NTPC 76
Region 52 8

31. MERIT ORDER : UNITS BOXED UP-SR
POWER STATION
STATE
CAPACITY(MW)
FUEL
VARIABLE COST
TATA DIESEL
KARNATAKA 79
DIESEL
308
RAYALSEEMA DGPP 27
360
YELEHANKA DIESEL
128
314
THANRBHAVI
220
NAPTHA
325
SUB-TOTAL
454
BRAHAMPURAM DPP
KERALA
107
275
BSES
157
KASARGODE PCL 22
298
KAYAMKULAM
322
646
BASIN BRIDGE
TAMIL NADU
120
584
P.P.NALLUR
330
415
450
TOTAL
1550

32. ULDC-THE EYES AND EARS OF THE SYSTEM OPERATOR
All constituents get the same data in real time.
Transparency & Synergy in operation.
Quantum leap in visibility to operator.
Increased confidence & Focus on security and economy.
Premptive, dynamic “early warning” systems.
Grid less vulnerable to disturbances.
Accurate and easy analysis of grid incidents
Faster restoration after perturbation
Comprehensive energy management system functions.
Contingency evaluation, Security assessment and State Estimation

33. UI RATE Rate of Unscheduled Drawal/Injection Frequency (Hz) Rate (p/u)
Above 50.5
50.0
150
49.8
210
49.0 and below
570

34. KADAMPARAI PUMP OPERATION
SAVINGS OF RS 40 LAKHS EVERY DAY
INVESTMENT OF 1600 CRORES SAVED
GENERATOR MODE
PUMP
PUMP

35. Diversity of peaks NER peak 5:30 pm WR Peak 6:45 pm ER Peak 6:00 pm68 72 76 88 92 96 80 84 S W N E NE L
GEO POLITICAL
POWER REGIONS B’
DESH-
SRI
NEPAL
BHUTAN
INDIA
J&K HP
PUNJAB
HARIANA
RAJASTHAN UP MP
BIHAR
ORISSA WB
GUJARAT
MAHARASHTRA
KARNATAKA
TAMIL
NADU AP
ASSAM
MNP
MIZ
TRP NG ME
LAKSHADWEEP
A&N
MYANMAR
SKM
PONDICHERY
DELHI
GOA
DIU
DAMAN
NER
LANKA
JKND
CTGR
Diversity of peaks
NER
peak 5:30 pm ER WR
Peak 6:00 pm
Peak 6:45 pm

36. Schedule Vs Actual Injection at Dadri (T)
U I
Actual Injection
Declared Capability ά Capacity Charges
Schedule ά Energy Charges
Frequency
NEXT

37. Schedule Vs Actual Drawal by UP
Schedule ά Energy Charges
Actual Drawal
U I
Entitlement ά Capacity Charges
Frequency

38. EUROPEAN & SOUTH AFRICAN MODELG G G G G
T SO D D D D D
This model is followed in UK by NGC, in Norway by Statenett, in Sweden by Svenska Kraftnet, in Finland by Fingrid, in Netherland by Tennet, in Denmark by Eltral/Elkrafts and in South Africa by Eskom.
NEXT

39. AMERICAN MODEL G G G G G G RTO SO T T T SO D D D D D D
This model is followed in USA. Based on their experience, USA is now moving towards TSO model through RTO.

40. 2003
2002

41. INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY 2012
SOUTHERN REGION
WESTERNREGION
NORTHERN REGION
NORTH-EASTERN REGION
INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY 2012
11,700 MW
2,650 MW
5,850 MW
4,900 MW
1,200 MW
3,700 MW
EASTERN REGION
30,000 MW OF INTER-REGIONAL POWER BY 2012

42. Inter Regional Links Present IR Capacity = 9,000 MW 1650 MW 700 MW
2300
16,000
700 MW
32,700 MW
1200MW
Present IR Capacity
= 9,000 MW
30,500 MW
2000MW
Next

43. Major inter-Regional Link
Project Cost
(Rs. in Crores)
Commissioning Date
Approved
Actual
Scheduled
TALCHER – KOLAR
(2000 MW) ER-SR
3865
3096
June’03
Dec.’02
RAIPUR-ROURKELA
(1000 MW) ER-WR
237
212
Dec.’03
Jan.’03
SASARAM-HVDC
(500 MW) ER-NR
671
551
Dec.’01
June’01

44. Technical Losses w.r.t. Voltage
Power (P)= Voltage * Current = V*I
Losses = (Current)2 * Resistance = I2*R
Power is proportional to current, voltage remaining constant.
To draw the same power at low voltage, one has to draw more current
e.g.; 100 MW = 400kV * 250 Amps
100 MW = 320kV * 312 Amps
Losses increases by 55% for 20%reduction in voltage.
Losses doubles for about 30% reduction in voltage.
e.g. Loss reduction in SR by 1% has given an annual saving of about Rs 290 crores
400 MU per day consumption in SR, 1% is 4 MU, annual 1460 Rs 2 = 290 cr

45. POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD. NEW DELHI