1. Chapter 18, 19, 20 Highlights Honors World History C. Simmons

2. Colonies become Nations India gained independence in 1947 India gained independence in 1947 Nehru rules until late 60’s helps India become modernized Nehru rules until late 60’s helps India become modernized India expected to surpass China in 2035 as most populous country India expected to surpass China in 2035 as most populous country India and Pakistan both gain nuclear technology India and Pakistan both gain nuclear technology SE Asian colonies gain independence from 1950- 2000: Philippines, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Singapore, Indonesia, Burma, Malaysia SE Asian colonies gain independence from 1950- 2000: Philippines, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Singapore, Indonesia, Burma, Malaysia Most Struggle with civil strife Most Struggle with civil strife

3. Colonies become Nations African Nations fight for independence: Ghana, Kenya, Algeria African Nations fight for independence: Ghana, Kenya, Algeria Civil War for control of lands: Congo (Mobutu), Angola Civil War for control of lands: Congo (Mobutu), Angola Israel becomes a state in 1948 after the yeas of Diaspora (claims to Palestine) Israel becomes a state in 1948 after the yeas of Diaspora (claims to Palestine) Beginning of Israeli-Arab conflict (intifada) Beginning of Israeli-Arab conflict (intifada) Yasir Arafat vs Ariel Sharon Yasir Arafat vs Ariel Sharon Camp David Accords (1979) – peace accords Camp David Accords (1979) – peace accords Fighting continues still today Fighting continues still today

4. Colonies become Nations Religious and Ethnic Strife complicate new found freedom Religious and Ethnic Strife complicate new found freedom Conflict in the “Stan” countries Conflict in the “Stan” countries Afghanistan - regions least developed nation most high profile due to wars with Soviet Union and US Afghanistan - regions least developed nation most high profile due to wars with Soviet Union and US Mujahideen resist Soviet occupation US supports them Mujahideen resist Soviet occupation US supports them Taliban emerges as ruling party (extreme interpretation of Islamic Law) Taliban emerges as ruling party (extreme interpretation of Islamic Law) US attacks to disband Taliban (2001) US attacks to disband Taliban (2001)

5. Struggles for Democracy Direct democracies are not practical so nation developed indirect democracy in which representatives of the people make law. Direct democracies are not practical so nation developed indirect democracy in which representatives of the people make law. Four practices of democracy: free elections, citizen participation, majority rule/minority rights, and constitutional government Four practices of democracy: free elections, citizen participation, majority rule/minority rights, and constitutional government People inherently want democracy People inherently want democracy

6. Struggles for Democracy Dictators vs Democracy in Latin America Dictators vs Democracy in Latin America Brazil and Mexico struggle through years of dictatorship to achieve democratic progress Brazil and Mexico struggle through years of dictatorship to achieve democratic progress NAFTA – Free trade b/t US, Mexico, and Canada NAFTA – Free trade b/t US, Mexico, and Canada Vicente Fox brings in Democratic reform (Mexico) Vicente Fox brings in Democratic reform (Mexico) Peron in Argentina (Evita his wife) struggle with military dictators Peron in Argentina (Evita his wife) struggle with military dictators African nations continue to struggle with democracy African nations continue to struggle with democracy

7. Struggles for Democracy Apartheid in S Africa: separation of the races, white minority ruled as black majority was denied rights Apartheid in S Africa: separation of the races, white minority ruled as black majority was denied rights Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for 27 years and became president after democracy was achieved Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for 27 years and became president after democracy was achieved Collapse of the Soviet Union – election of Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985, led to glasnost or openness Collapse of the Soviet Union – election of Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985, led to glasnost or openness Move toward democracy led various nationalities to demand freedom Move toward democracy led various nationalities to demand freedom

8. Struggles for Democracy Boris Yeltsin attempts coup and forms new CIS Boris Yeltsin attempts coup and forms new CIS Russian economy struggles and new war with Chechnya Russian economy struggles and new war with Chechnya Vladimir Putin wins election in 2000, but economic problems continued Vladimir Putin wins election in 2000, but economic problems continued Germany unifies and Berlin Wall falls Germany unifies and Berlin Wall falls China opens up, protests demand democracy, economy improve, but political reform continues to be slow China opens up, protests demand democracy, economy improve, but political reform continues to be slow

9. Global Interdependence US & Soviets cooperation in space led to the building of the International Space Station in 1998 US & Soviets cooperation in space led to the building of the International Space Station in 1998 Hubble space telescope has supplied amazing images of the universe Hubble space telescope has supplied amazing images of the universe Global communications improve through computers, invention of silicon chips reduces the size of electronics Global communications improve through computers, invention of silicon chips reduces the size of electronics Internet began in 1968 as scientists linked to each others computers, by 1990 20 million users, today around 3 billion users Internet began in 1968 as scientists linked to each others computers, by 1990 20 million users, today around 3 billion users Revolutions in Medicine – imaging technology, genetics, cloning, breakthroughs in agriculture (green revolution) Revolutions in Medicine – imaging technology, genetics, cloning, breakthroughs in agriculture (green revolution)

10. Global Interdependence Technology revolutionizes the world’s economy Technology revolutionizes the world’s economy Information industries change economies Information industries change economies Job flight – manufacturing jobs move to developing nations, cheaper labor Job flight – manufacturing jobs move to developing nations, cheaper labor Information jobs stay in developed nations Information jobs stay in developed nations Formation of global economy – struggle for free trade Formation of global economy – struggle for free trade Political impact – OPEC was formed, Persian Gulf War Political impact – OPEC was formed, Persian Gulf War Environmental Impact – ozone layer damage, claims of Global Warming? Environmental Impact – ozone layer damage, claims of Global Warming?

11. Global Interdependence Global security issues – nations unite for protection: UN grows, NATO, SEATO Global security issues – nations unite for protection: UN grows, NATO, SEATO Weapons of mass destruction change the way wars are fought: biological, nuclear proliferation, and chemical weapons Weapons of mass destruction change the way wars are fought: biological, nuclear proliferation, and chemical weapons Religious & Ethnic conflicts continue (Iraq) Religious & Ethnic conflicts continue (Iraq) New focus on Human Rights (Mother Teresa), AIDS epidemic effects world New focus on Human Rights (Mother Teresa), AIDS epidemic effects world

12. Global Interdependence Terrorism affects world (not new) Terrorism affects world (not new) Reasons: gaining independence, expelling foreigners, changing society, radicalism – the destruction of what they consider evil Reasons: gaining independence, expelling foreigners, changing society, radicalism – the destruction of what they consider evil Examples: Sarin gas attack in Tokyo subway(1995), 9/11 attack in NYC (2001), IRA attacks in Ireland, 1972 Olympics in Munich, London Underground (2003) Examples: Sarin gas attack in Tokyo subway(1995), 9/11 attack in NYC (2001), IRA attacks in Ireland, 1972 Olympics in Munich, London Underground (2003) Al-Qaeda largest group (formation of cells) Al-Qaeda largest group (formation of cells) Cyberterrorism – attacks on information systems Cyberterrorism – attacks on information systems

13. Global Interdependence 9/11/2001 – terrorist attacks 9/11/2001 – terrorist attacks Osama Bin Laden mastermind of attacks Osama Bin Laden mastermind of attacks 3,000 die in the demolition of the WTC, Pentagon, and United 93 3,000 die in the demolition of the WTC, Pentagon, and United 93 Anthrax attacks days later Anthrax attacks days later Brought fear to the lives of everyday Americans for the first time Brought fear to the lives of everyday Americans for the first time Response: Dept of Homeland Security, Patriot Act (limited rights), Aviation security Response: Dept of Homeland Security, Patriot Act (limited rights), Aviation security Global War on Terrorism Global War on Terrorism

14. Global Interdependence The response to the events of 9/11 was global in scope. People from around the world expressed their concern and support for the United States. It was if this act of terrorism had struck their own countries. In the future, challenges will be faced by people who are in increasing contact with one another. People now have a greater stake in learning to live in harmony together and with the physical planet. As Martin Luther King, Jr. once stated, “Our loyalties must transcend our race, tribe, class, and nations; we must develop a world perspective.” The response to the events of 9/11 was global in scope. People from around the world expressed their concern and support for the United States. It was if this act of terrorism had struck their own countries. In the future, challenges will be faced by people who are in increasing contact with one another. People now have a greater stake in learning to live in harmony together and with the physical planet. As Martin Luther King, Jr. once stated, “Our loyalties must transcend our race, tribe, class, and nations; we must develop a world perspective.”