1. By: Andrew Brindell Mrs. Pietrangelo’s Honors Biology Period 3

2.  Problem Statement: If I smile at a person will they be more inclined to smile immediately after?  Hypothesis: If I smile at a group of 160 strangers I have never met, then over fifty percent of them will smile back at me.

3.  A topic unknown by me.  Appeared fairly interesting.  Based on human personality and patterns.  Fascinated to see the results.

4.  -Contagiousness- tending to spread from person to person  -Inclination- a disposition or bent, esp. of the mind or will.  -Smile- to assume a facial expression indicating pleasure, favor, or amusement, but sometimes derision or scor n, characterized by an upturning of the corners of the mouth.  Positive Emotions and Facial Structure

5.  Title: The Effect of Smiling on Whether or Not Others Are More Inclined to Smile  Hypothesis: If I smile at a group of 160 strangers I have never met, then over fifty percent of them will smile back at me.  IV: The Amount of Times I Smiled at Strangers.  DV: The Amount of Strangers That Smiled Back.

6. Constants:  The type of smile that I use from person to person for each level.  Not knowing or having and bias of the people in the experiment.  The absence of humorous instigators near by.  The speed at which you walk around when conducting the experiment as defined by the procedure.  The period of time that the smile is held for during the experiment.  The period of which the strange is given to smile back.  A similar amount of total people in the public area.  The type of area that the experiment is taken place in from level to level.  Locations of Smiling Trials. Materials:  1 pad of college ruled paper to record results from experiment on.  1 #2 pencil to write down the recorded results from the experiment on the pad of paper.  The ability to smile to carry out the experiment and its goals  A setting that will easily allow the experiment to take place (Ex. A mall or a park) LevelsAverage Smile Slightly Exaggerat ed Smile Hysterica l Smile Control: No Incentive s to Smile Trials40

7.  Create four charts on the pad of college ruled paper using your pencil each having two defined sections. One for strangers that smiled back, and one for strangers that did not. They all should look something like the following:  Go to the Montgomery Mall to conduct the different levels of the experiment. Do 10 trials of “Average Smile”, 10 trials of “Slightly Exaggerated Smile”, 10 trials of “Hysterical Smile”, and 10 trials of the “Control Group”.  Slowly walk around the area that you have selected, if a stranger makes eye contact with you smile at them according to the proper level of the experiment that you are testing.  If the stranger smiles back at you put a tally in your table under the column titled “Strangers That Smiled Back”, if the stranger does not smile at you put a tally under the column titled “Strangers That Did Not Smile Back”.  Repeat steps 3 and 4 until you have a total of 40 combined tallies in the different tables on your pad of paper, 10 for each table.  Repeat steps 2 through 5 but instead of the Montgomery Mall change the location to a different location for every 40 people that you tally. Other locations include Plymouth Meeting Mall, King of Prussia Mall, and Willow Grove Mall.  Repeat steps 3 through 5 changing the levels as necessary until you have filled all the tables on your pad of paper, having each table with 40 tallies. Make sure that you are not repeating the strangers that you smile at.  Once finished analyze data to see whether your hypothesis was either supported, refuted, or neither supported nor refuted. Strangers That Smiled BackStrangers That Did Not Smile Back

8.  People that smiled back (A), People that did not smile back (B). (A/B) Specific Mall: Montgomer yville Plymouth Meeting King of Prussia Willow Grove Control:0/102/80/10 Average Smile: 1/93/74/60/10 Slightly Exaggerated Smile: 2/85/53/75/5 Hysterical Smile: 4/66/47/33/7 Totals:7/3316/2414/268/32

9.  -Total Average: 11.25/28.75 [(7+16+14+8)/4]  -Total Median: 11/29 [7,8,14,16]  -Total Mode: None  -Average For Control: 0.5/9.5 [(0+2+0+0)/4]  -Average For Level 1 (Average Smile): 2/8 [(1+3+4+0)/4]  -Average For Level 2 (Slightly Exaggerated Smile): 3.75/6.25 [(2+5+3+5)/4]  -Average For Level 3 (Hysterical Smile): 5/5 [(4+6+7+3)/4]

10.  ∑=19.981 LevelsExpected (e) Observed (o) o-e(o-e) x (o- e) (o-e) x (o- e) /e Average Smile 11.2583.2510.56250.9388888 Slightly Exaggerat ed Smile 11.2515-3.7514.06251.25 Hysterical Smile 11.2520-8.7576.56256.8055555 Control11.2529.2585.56257.6055 Sum45 XXXXXXX 16.599999

13.  Background Information: Factors Contributed to Smiling + Representation of Smiles in Other Cultures.  Sources of Error: Environmental  One Specific Setting Human  Video or Images to be Judged Subject  Hand Picked Subjects  Extensions: Sneezing, Coughing, Having to Use the Bathroom.  Applications: Knowledge, Livelihood, Persuasion

14.  My parents for transportation and supplies  Mrs. Pietrangelo for helpful in sight and thought process  All the people I smiled at