1. 1 10 pt 15 pt 20 pt 25 pt 5 pt 10 pt 15 pt 20 pt 25 pt 5 pt 10 pt 15 pt 20 pt 25 pt 5 pt 10 pt 15 pt 20 pt 25 pt 5 pt 10 pt 15 pt 20 pt 25 pt 5 pt Solutions DissolvingSolubilityWaterAcids/Bases

2. 2 What is a solution?

3. 3 A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances evenly distributed at the molecular level.

4. 4 What are the 2 characteristics of all solutions?

5. 5 Cannot be filtered and exists as a mixture in all phases of matter.

6. 6 What are the parts of a solution?

7. 7 Solute – what’s being dissolved & Solvent – what’s doing the dissolving

8. 8 What is an alloy?

9. 9 An alloy is a mixture of 2 or more metals

10. 10 Give 3 examples of solutions.

11. 11 Bottled water, salt water, air, carbonated water, rubbing alcohol, gold

12. 12 How can you speed up the dissolving of a substance in a solution?

13. 13 Stir, shake, crush

14. 14 What is dissolving?

15. 15. When particles are evenly spread out, the solute has dissolved.

16. 16 Describe, in detail, how water dissolves NaCl on the molecular level.

17. 17 Polar water molecules surround individual atoms of Na or Cl and pull them from the rest of the salt, surrounding them so they cannot go back together

18. 18 Little Johnny is making kool-aid, what is the solute and what is the solvent?

19. 19 Solute: Kool-aid particles Solvent: Water

20. 20 How has knowledge of dissolving rates affected modern medicine?

21. 21 Scientists have now made time-release medication which is a safer, easier, and more effective way of getting medicine into the body.

22. 22 What is the difference between saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated?

23. 23 Unsaturated – not full Saturated – completely full Supersaturated – has more than is normally possible and is unstable!

24. 24 What is the difference between solubility & insoluble?

25. 25 Solubility: Amount of solute that will dissolve in a particular amount of solvent under certain conditions. Insoluble: The solute will not dissolve in a particular solvent under particular conditions.

26. 26 What 3 factors affect the solubility?

27. 27 1. Chemical nature of solvent 2. temperature (↑ with ↑ temp in salts, ↓ with ↑ temp in gases) 3. volume of solvent (more=better).

28. 28 What additional factor affects the solubility of a gas?

29. 29 Sobubility of a gas: Also, solubility of a gas ↑ with ↑ pressure.

30. 30 What is an electrolyte?

31. 31 An ion that allows a solution to conduct electricity when dissolved in water.

32. 32 What does a water molecule look like?

33. 33 A V-shaped polar molecule with partial positive Hydrogens and a partial negative Oxygen.

34. 34 What is hydrogen bonding?

35. 35 When partial positive H attract partial negative O from another molecule and stick together because of their mutual attraction.

36. 36 What is the water cycle?

37. 37 also called the Hydrologic Cycle: 1. EVAPORATION AND TRANSPIRATION from PLANTS 2. CONDENSATION in CLOUDS 3. PRECIPITATION RAIN, SNOW, HAIL, and SLEET CAUSE SURFACE RUNOFF

38. 38 What is a polar molecule and why is it polar?

39. 39 Molecule that has partial positive and partial negative charges. Important for dissolving substances.

40. 40 What is acid rain and how is it produced?

41. 41 Rain that has a ph<5.6 Produced by harmful gases mixing with water to make acids in the atmosphere.

42. 42 What is the pH scale and how is it split?

43. 43 Scale from 0-14 that indicates H+ ion concentration where 0-7 is acidic, 7-14 is basic, and 7 is neutral.

44. 44 What is an acid and what are its properties?

45. 45 Acids have high H+ concentration, 0-7 pH, taste sour, are corrosive, are electrolytes, turn litmus paper red, and react with metals.

46. 46 What is a base and what are its properties?

47. 47 A base has a high OH- concentration, 7-14 pH, feels slippery, is corrosive, tastes bitter, turns litmus paper blue, and reacts with fats.

48. 48 What is the difference between strong and weak acids/bases and concentrated and dilute acids/bases?

49. 49 Strong dissociate completely while weak do not. Concentrated is very little water while dilute is lots of water.

50. 50 Why is pH important?

51. 51 Quality of drinking water, keep fish and other animals alive, digestion, industry