1. 2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research Stephen Childs New York State Maple Specialist Cornell University Research funded by the New York State Farm Viability Institute

8. 120% or 2.2 times, 14.1 more gallons of sap per tap

10. 101% or 2 times increase 10.2 more gallons of sap per tap

13. 72% or 1.7 times or increase of 8.8 more gallons of sap per tap

16. 31% or 1.3 times more sap flow Improvement 3.9 more gallons of sap per tap

19. 6% difference Older tubing produced.8 more gallons per tap (22” vacuum)

21. 28% or 1.3 times more sap, 4.7 gallons more sap per tap

28. 18% increase Not scientifically significant

32. 133%, 2.4 times or 6.5 more gallons per tap

34. New spout and drop produced 21% or 1.8 more gallons of sap per tap than a check valve and old drop

39. 100% or 4 gallons per tap increase in sap yield

41. 17% increase 2010

43. 26% difference Not scientifically significant

47. Vacuum vs. Gravity Vacuum levels usually 16” – 17”

48. 151% increase, 2.5 times more Sap or 15.6 more Gallons of sap Per tap 16” vac

49. 110% increase, 2.1 times more Sap or 5.3 more Gallons of sap Per tap 16” vac

50. 140% increase, 2.4 times more Sap or 11.9 more Gallons of sap Per tap 16” vac

51. 2010

52. Economic Value of Vacuum Excel Spreadsheet Basic rules of thumb for each 1" increase in vacuum the cfm is reduced by 8%

54. Economic Value of Vacuum Excel Spreadsheet Basic rules of thumb for each 1" increase in vacuum the cfm is reduced by 8% for each 1" increase in vacuum sap volume is increased by 5%

56. Economic Value of Vacuum Excel Spreadsheet Basic rules of thumb for each 1" increase in vacuum the cfm is reduced by 8% for each 1" increase in vacuum sap volume is increased by 5% 1 cfm of pump capacity required for each 100 taps at the desired vacuum

57. Economic Value of Vacuum Excel Spreadsheet Basic rules of thumb for each 1" increase in vacuum the cfm is reduced by 8% for each 1" increase in vacuum sap volume is increased by 5% 1 cfm of pump capacity required for each 100 taps at the desired vacuum vacuum cost estimated at $200 per cfm depreciated 100% over 5 years with 20% added for electric cfm capacity of pump as rated at 15" of vacuum sap converted to syrup at 43 gallons of sap per gallon of syrup priced at wholesale value of $3.00 per pound