1. CHANGING EARTH’S SURFACE Water Erosion

2. Udden-Wentworth Scale

3. Sediments in Motion

4. Runoff  Runoff: water that moves over Earth’s surface.  Runoff flows in a thin layer over land = sheet erosion.  Amount of runoff depends on: Amount of rain in an area. Vegetation. Type of Soil. Shape of the land. How people use the land.

5. Effects of Runoff

6. Rills, Gullies, Streams and Rivers Rills flow into gullies Rills Gullies join together to form a stream Gully Streams are often called creeks or brooks Stream A large stream is a river. River

7. Runoff, Rills, and Gullies

8. Erosion by Rivers  Causes the Formation of:  Valleys  Waterfalls  Flood Plains  Meanders  Oxbow Lakes

9. Erosion of Rivers MeandersOxbow LakeWaterfall Floodplain

10. Deposits by Rivers  Anytime moving water slows down, it drops, or deposits, some of the sediment.  Larger stones also quit rolling and sliding.  Creates these landforms:  Alluvial Fans  Deltas  Soil on floodplains

11. Alluvial Fans  A wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range.  The deposit is shaped like a fan.

12. Deltas  Sediment deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake builds up.  Examples: Nile River (left) & Mississippi River (right)

13. American River Delta in Sacramento, CA

14. Erosion and Sediment Load  A river is a dynamic system.

15. Erosion and Sediment Load  These factors affect how fast the river flows and how much sediment it can erode:  River’s slope Increase in slope = water’s increase in speed  Volume of flow More water flowing in a river = increase in speed  The shape of its streambed River flowing in a strait line = water flows faster near the center of the river than its sides. If a river curves = water moves fastest along the outside of the curve.

16. Erosion and Sediment Load

17. Erosion and Deposition Summary

18. Credits  Schlumburger Website Retrieved on 3/12/12 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=picture+of+sediment+moving+in+water&hl=en&client=safari&rls=en&biw=1158&bih=7 02&tbm=isch&tbnid=cGZW6haL7- ve7M:&imgrefurl=http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/DisplayImage.cfm%3FID%3D55&docid=Uzkq99EIoi0L6M&imgurl=ht tp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/files/OGL98036.jpg&w=393&h=400&ei=DlNeT6u1JqWuiQLP0YChBA&zoom=1&iact=hc& vpx=115&vpy=4&dur=244&hovh=226&hovw=223&tx=101&ty=117&sig=102853300329707996231&page=2&tbnh=165&tb nw=162&start=15&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:10,s:15ved=1t:429,r:10,s:15  Earth Science Australia retrieved on 3/12/12 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=picture+of+sedimentary+rock+in+moving+water&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&rls=en&bi w=1158&bih=702&tbm=isch&tbnid=41-qN5iKWb- JXM:&imgrefurl=http://earthsci.org/education/teacher/basicgeol/sed/sed.html&docid=PNekaZnN3EjcOM&imgurl=http://e arthsci.org/mineral/rockmin/sed/clastics.gif&w=627&h=368&ei=W1ReT- fiFYHTiALfy5noBA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=99&vpy=419&dur=7108&hovh=172&hovw=293&tx=194&ty=89&sig=102853300 329707996231&page=2&tbnh=123&tbnw=210&start=15&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:15

19. Credits http://www.google.com/imgres?q=picture+of+sediment+moving+in+water&start=136&hl=en&client=safari&rls=en&biw=1158&b ih=702&tbm=isch&tbnid=La1Bxo5KOmHZQM:&imgrefurl=http://geologycafe.com/class/week9.html&docid=sBMQI_npMjdq7M&i mgurl=http://geologycafe.com/images/stream_sediments.jpg&w=800&h=600&ei=EFVeT8rhAbTViAK- vZDfBA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=860&vpy=282&dur=3630&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=69&ty=80&sig=102853300329707996231&p age=8&tbnh=151&tbnw=201&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:136  Henry County Georgia retrieved on 3/13/12 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=picture+of+runoff&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&rls=en&biw=1208&bih=691&tbm=isch&pr md=imvns&tbnid=gDG2L3H47Dqq3M:&imgrefurl=http://www.co.henry.ga.us/Stormwater/EffectsOfStormwaterRunoff.sht ml&docid=hTY3kNciMaZVIM&imgurl=http://www.co.henry.ga.us/Stormwater/images/photo_RunoffEffects.jpg&w=457&h= 336&ei=NmpfT9XOH- aiiQKwnvm7BA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=314&vpy=305&dur=11&hovh=192&hovw=262&tx=129&ty=113&sig=102853300329 707996231&page=2&tbnh=143&tbnw=195&start=15&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:15t:429,r:11,s:15 Virtual Geology Museum Retrieved on 3/13/12 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=picture+of+stream+erosion+and+deposition&hl=en&client=safari&rls=en&biw=1208&bi h=691&tbm=isch&tbnid=0ZPFWRoQqYumUM:&imgrefurl=http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/VGM/opals- pals/058.htm&docid=Q-EmYyvDbY4izM&imgurl=http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/VGM/opals- pals/6opal058.jpg&w=640&h=451&ei=- 9NfT4akDYaOiALa0LDFBA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=372&sig=102853300329707996231&page=1&tbnh=144&tbnw=204&start =0&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:0&tx=71&ty=44