1. INTERWAR PERIOD FOREIGN POLICIES

2. Interwar Period: Nazi Foreign Policy

3. Hitler’s Relations with Other Fascist States a)The Rome –Berlin Axis –1936: non-aggression pact b)The Anti-Comintern Pact Collaborate against communism 1936 Germany & Japan 1937 Italy joins

4. Germany’s Involvement with the Spanish Civil War 1936 General Franco attempts to overthrow government in Spain –Germany supplied bombers (to test effect of bombing civilians) Guernica

5. Remilitarization of the Rhineland March 1936 German forces re-enter Rhineland Forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles

6. The Austrian Anschluss a)The first attempt: 1934 Germans unsuccessful b)Success: 1938 –Under the threat of invasion Austria is annexed into the Reich.

7. The Destruction of Czech: Appeasement a)Self-determination and the Sudetenland Issue 3 million German speaking people Wanted the right to self-determination b)The Munich Agreement (1938) Chamberlain (Britain) Deladier (France) Mussolini (Italy) Hitler (Germany) c)March, 1939 Hitler takes all of Czech. Agreed to give Hitler the Sudetenland

8. The Nazi-Soviet Pact (August, 1939) a)World Shock Arch enemies b)Secret Terms Allowed for division of Poland between the two nations Successor states to be carved up.

9. INTER_WAR CARTOON ANALYSIS 1.In reference to the cartoon, what historical events has happened as a result of Hitler? 2.Based on the material dealt with in class, what future events do the 'Spineless Leaders of Democracy' represent?

10. Interwar Period: Soviet Foreign Policy

11. Treaty of Rapallo (1922) Renewed in 1931 (Germany & USSR) Diplomatic relations & economic cooperation German recognizes USSR Repudiate war damages & costs German economic assistance in exchange for German military maneuvers on USSR soil.

12. Creation of Comintern Communist International Established by Lenin 1919 Purpose was to further the Soviet goal of world revolution.

13. Involvement with the League of Nations Joined 1934 A means of looking to the west for Allies “Fear of fascism”

14. Mutual Assistance Pacts France: May 1935 to make sure to prevent German & French collusion. Czechoslovakia: To secure Soviet position USSR assist Czech. only if France took action in fulfillment of its obligation to Czech. (Little Entente)

15. Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939) Gave Stalin a false sense of security Pledged each would remain neutral in event of war. Secret partition of Poland USSR could reclaim Baltic States Once Germany invaded USSR “Barbarossa” USSR joined the “Grand Alliance” with Britain & France.

16. INTERWAR: USA FOREIGN POLICY

17. ISOLATIONISM Evidence of Failure to sign treaty of Versailles Not a member of the L of N. Neutrality Act Evidence against Dawes Plan Kellogg-Briand Pact Young Plan Lend Lease Act “cash & carry”

18. The USA Economy: Interwar Period Most industrialized –Needed trade to support industrial growth Unregulated economy (boom & bust cycles) US lending massive amounts of $ to European nations With crash of 1929 loans could not be repaid –USA adopts high tariffs (protectionism) Global overproduction of agricultural goods causes $ to drop. Recession leads to Depression (high unemployment)

19. The New Deal (Keynes) The Emergency Banking Act: Allow the American govt. to regulate banking activity. The Civilian Conservation Corps Public works The Tennessee Valley Authority Created dams (power, flood control, irrigation) The National Recovery Administration Regulated prices & wages The Social Security Act of 1935 Introduced unemployment insurance & old age pension

20. MUZZLED BLOWING BUBBLES

22. INTERWAR TREATIES Dawes Plan (1924): Following WWI; this was the five year plan under which the Allies attempted to collect war reparations from Germany This plan also made loans available to Germany and attempted to soften the burden brought by the Treaty of Versailles Young Plan (1929): Replaced the Dawes plan in 1929 after it became obvious that Germany could not live up to the expectations outlined in the Dawes Plan

23. INTERWAR TREATIES Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928): Also known as the Pact of Paris An international treaty “providing for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy.” Originally formed by the USA and France, stating that war should never be used as a foreign policy of any nation Was a failure, but was later important in the development of international law and policy Locarno Treaties (1925) Seven agreements in which the WWI Allied powers and new states of central and Eastern Europe secured post-war territorial settlements Also a move toward normalizing relations with defeated Germany (Weimar Republic)