1. The Nile River The longest river Associate it with Egypt In fact, only 22 % of its course runs through Egypt The world’s oldest civilization

2. course: direction or route civilization: Human society with its well developed at a particular

3. The ancient Egyptian civilization Water  the crops  the rich oil  the Nile’s banks The rich oil: flood  a layer of thick fertile silt  growing crops Water buffalo: food & plowing Transportation

4. crop: a plant such as a grain, fruit or vegetable grown in large amounts layer: a level of material fertile (adj): land that can produce a large number of good quality crops (n) fertility plow= plough : a large farming tool with blades to dig the earth

5. Tributaries : the White Nile/ the Blue Nile The White Nile (Lake Victoria): whitish clay The Blue Nile (Lake Tana): 2 as much flowing water as the White Nile

6. tributary: the branch of river clay: heavy and soft soil flowing water

7. Many explorers had attempted to find the source of the Nile. John Hanning Speke (1858,British): Lake Victoria Led to a great deal of intense debate Henry Morton confirmed the truth.

8. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZfNmz MhMGgk