1. Chapter One Introduction to Fluid Power

2. What is fluid power? Technology, which deals with the generation, transmission, and control of power using, pressurized fluids Hydraulics refer to the use of liquids, primarily some type oil Pneumatics refer to the use of gases, the most popular is air (it is cheap)

3. Types of Fluid Systems Fluid Transport –Sole purpose is to move fluid from one location to another Fluid Power –Like transport systems, power systems move fluid but are designed to perform work –The fluid is bears upon cylinders and motors ( actuators) to accomplish the work

4. Advantages of Fluid Power Ease and accuracy of control Multiplication of force Constant force Economical (fewer parts)

5. Disadvantages Messy Noisy Potentially explosive Leaks –(No such thing as leak free hose connections)

6. Basic Components: Hydraulic Reservoir Pump Prime Mover Valves Piping Actuators Filter

7. Basic Components: Pneumatic Compressed Air tank Compressor Prime Mover Valves Piping Actuators Filter

8. Fluid Power Controls Electrical PLC Closed/Open loop

9. How does the system work? Pascal’s LawThe pressure exerted on a confined fluid is transmitted in all directions and acts at right angles to the containing surfaces. (F = P x A) –P = pressure (psi or kPa) –A = area (in 2 or m 2 )

10. Applications of Pascal’s Law The most common uses of Pascal’s law are multiplicity and continuity

11. Applications of Pascal’s Law Additionally, we can draw relationships with distance since the volume of the system will be constant

12. Common Variables VariableSIEnglish ForceNewtons (kg-m/sec 2 )Lbf PressurePascal (N/m 2) Lbf/in 2 AreaMeters 2 Inches 2 TimeSecondsHrs VelocityM/secFt/sec LengthCentimeters/MetersInches/Feet VolumeM3M3 In 3 AccelerationM/sec 2 Ft/ sec 2

13. review of important terms and definitions that are often used in hydraulics Mass The mass of a body or an object is a measure of the quantity of matter contained in it. Volume: The space occupied by a body is called its volume. Density: The density of a substance is defined as its mass per unit volume. The relative density of a substance is the ratio of its density to the density of some standard substance.

14. Velocity:The distance covered by a body in a unit time interval and in a specified direction. Acceleration which may be defined as the rate of change of velocity of a moving body. The force is an attempt of either changing the position/displacement of the object or its dimensions. Weight: Weight refers to the force of gravity acting on a given mass. specific weight or weight density of a fluid is defined as the ratio of the weight of the fluid to its volume.

15. Work is defined as force through distance. Work (W) = Force (F) x Distance moved or displacement (s) Energy: A body is said to possess energy when it is capable of doing work. forms of energy: Potential energy (PE) Kinetic energy (KE) Internal energy

16. Power: The rate of doing work Power (P) = Work done (W)/ Time (t) Power = Force x Average velocity OR P = F * v Horsepower: is the power of one horse 1 hp = 746 W