1. Industrial World Leader -by 1880, U.S. is world’s leading producer of goods -reasons why???? 1. unlimited labor force – Cheap Urban Labor 2. Wealth of Natural Resources 3. abundant coal supply =energy 4. iron mining= make steel 5. discovery of oil in US– Edwin L. Drake, PA: Transform Oil into kerosene railroad development: Steel

2. Public Support -laissez-faire government policies (hands free), Gov’t is not involved in big companies & monopolies -unlimited immigration supplied labor -high tariffs protected American business -public financing of railroads

3. Entrepreneurs and Innovations -late 1800’s saw an explosion of innovation and invention -telephone Alexander Gram Bell : World Wide Communications=MOST dramatic Invention -light bulb Thomas Edison, 1880 -electric power -Nikola Tesla— AC Power, Brought life to the cities, move factories away from the rivers - Henry Bessemer Process: Efficient manufacturing process of steel -typewriter : Christopher Sholes, Changed the world of work- new jobs for women

5. Entrepreneurs and Innovations -photography : 1 st use of film 1884 -phonograph Played recorded sound -motion pictures 1888 MOVIES! -radio—Nikola Tesla 1894 “inventor of Radio” -retail stores -canned foods http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrRUD S1xbNs

6. Entrepreneurs and Innovations -John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Company, controlled 90% -Andrew Carnegie “Rags to Riches”, Carnegie Steel Company -J.P. Morgan : Banker, bought Standard Oil,= worlds largest company -Cornelius Vanderbilt :Wealth from shipping and RR (Grand Central Station) -Dupont Family: world's second largest chemical company : Dynamite -James B. Duke: Duke Power, DuKie UNIVERSITY -George Westinghouse

7. John. D Rockefeller

8. Vanderbilt's

10. James B Duke

13. Entrepreneurs and Innovations -George Westinghouse invented the railway air brake and was a pioneer of the electrical industryrailway air brake Vanderbilt ---- 

14. Railroads lead the Way -”iron horse” -Leading consumer of goods RR demanded Raw Materials -better transportation leads to growth -transcontinental, 1869 -standardization of time US 4 different time zones -RR bring forth new towns! - Flagstaff, AZ; Denver, CO; Seattle, WS

15. Railroads lead the Way -”iron horse” -Leading consumer of goods -better transportation leads to growth -transcontinental, 1869 -standardization of time

16. Railroad Prosperity -growth of urban areas -Development of Company Towns -Provided basic needs for workers of RR Pullman, Illinois makes RR cars 1 st class RR cars -railroad scandals Credit Mobilier gov’t land grants

18. Grange and the Railroads -Railroad abuses -Granger Laws -Supreme Court rulings -Interstate Commerce Act, 1887 attempt to regulate business