1. EQ: How did the 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th Amendments influence the beliefs and ideals of the country? What is due process of law?

2. Constitution Changes  During Reconstruction, Congress created 3 new amendments to the Constitution.  The new amendments gave the national government more power over the states. They also protected the rights of African Americans.

3. 13 th Amendment  Banned slavery in the United States and any of its territories

4. 14 th Amendment  Granted citizenship to all people born in the United States and guaranteed them equal protection under the law (due process)  Due process: a citizen’s life, liberty, or property can not be taken away without a fair trial. All citizens must be treated equally under the law.

5.  Almost every southern state refused to ratify the 14 th amendment.  They did not want the national government to interfere with their state laws.  Congress declared that southern states had to ratify the 14 th amendment to rejoin the Union.  The states then agreed to the demands of Congress.

6. 15 th Amendment  Ensures the right to vote cannot be denied because of race, or color, or previous conditions of servitude

7.  The 15 th amendment had an effect right away. African Americans began taking part in government.  Religious leaders, former soldiers, and others ran for office. Some became leaders in community and state government.  Many African Americans served in state legislatures. Hiram Revels served in the Mississippi state senate and later became the 1 st African American elected to the US Senate

8. The struggle for rights continues  The amendments passed during Reconstruction helped all Americans.  They protected people’s rights and made laws fairer.  The amendments, however, did not solve all the nation’s problems.

9.  Some people, both in the North and South, did not want African Americans to vote or to have equal rights.  Sometimes laws protecting rights were ignored.  The struggle for equality would continue for African Americans