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THE GREAT DEPRESSION
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The American Dream Working hard leads to opportunity Pulling yourself up from your bootstraps
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“Brother can you Spare a Dime?” http://www.npr.org/2008/11/15/96654742/a-depression-era-anthem-for-our-times
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1920s Prosperous Business’ gains up 65% Average worker’s wages only up 8% People bought goods, such as automobiles and appliances, on credit Gap between the rich and poor.1% of society earned what 42% of people earned combined Huge personal debt
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Black Tuesday Trigger- started the Great Depression October 29, 1929 Stock market crashed Affects not only the U.S. but also the rest of the world
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The Great Depression End of 1929 – early 1940s (start of World War II) Dust Bowl affects farmers in TX and OK. CA was not affected People flocked to California for jobs Banks and businesses failing More than 15 million Americans unemployed= 23% of the work force
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President Herbert Hoover “a passing incident in our national lives” Assured Americans that the Great Depression would be over in 60 days No government assistance for individuals Criticized greatly for not providing assistance
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt (elected 1932) The New Deal Remedies that would rescue the country Ex. Work programs and Food Stamps Stabilized the banking system
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Effects on the American People African Americans suffered more than whites Jobs taken and given to whites By 1930 50% of African Americans were unemployed Self-blame, self- doubt, and humiliation % of women and children workers up
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JOHN STEINBECK
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Born February 27, 1902 in Salinas, CA
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Early Years 3 sisters Intelligent Family often traveled to San Francisco to go to the theatre He had an appreciation of the land- spent his summers working on local farms and ranches He decided to be a writer at 14 In 1919 he enrolled at Stanford University, but he dropped out in 1925
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Early Career Held a variety of jobs (freelance writer, construction worker, news reporter) First novel- Cup of Gold was published in 1929 First successful novel- Tortilla Flat (1935) Next novels were more serious In Dubious Battle (1936) Of Mice and Men (1937) The Grapes of Wrath (1939) is considered his greatest novel
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Later Life War correspondent during WWII Traveled and wrote non-fiction journals Involved in politics Awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962 Died of heart disease December 20, 1968– 66 years old
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Writing Influenced by his travels Often deals with social and economic issues Captured the mood and angst of the nation during the Great Depression Common themes Family Effects of the environment on man Social protests
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From Steinbeck’s Nobel Prize acceptance speech: “ The ancient commission of the writer has not changed. He is charged with exposing our many grievous faults and failures, with the dredging up to the light our dark and dangerous dreams for the purpose of improvement. Furthermore, the writer is delegated to declare and to celebrate man’s proven capacity for greatness of heart and spirit; for gallantry in defeat, for courage, compassion and love.”
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