1. Chapter 18 Characteristics of water… Frozen water = ice
Liquid water = water
Water as a gas = water vapor

2. Melting
Evaporation
Condensation
Sublimation
Deposition
Freezing
Ice to water
Water to water vapor
Water vapor to water
Ice to water vapor
Water vapor to ice
Water to ice

3. Humidity
Specific humidity
Relative humidity
Water vapor in the air
The grams of water in the air (not really used)
The % of water vapor in the air

4. If the humidity is 50%………
Warm air holds MORE moisture than cold air
Then the air is “holding” 50% of what it can possibly hold

5. What happens at 100% humidity?
Psychrometer
Condensation (NOT RAIN!!!)
Measures the humidity in the air

6. Dew Dew Point Water vapor that has condensated on the ground
The temperature at which the air can no longer “hold” the water vapor and it condenses on the ground

7. Condensation nuclei
Dust or small particles floating in the air that water vapor will condense on …helps to form fog

8. Frost
When the dew point is below freezing, water vapor DEPOSITS on the ground as frost………..it is not frozen dew

9. Sublimation………
When there is frost on the ground and the temperature rises above freezing, the frost SUBLMATES straight to water vapor

10. Fog Radiation fog Advection Fog A low cloud
Clear night, warm ground loses heat to the cool air……especially over a body of water
Moist, warm air blows over a cool surface (like a fog over snow)

11. 18.2 – Types of Clouds Clouds
A collection of cooled water at any level of the troposphere

12. Stratus
Cumulus
Nimbus
cirrus
Sheets/layers
Puffy
Rain
Wispy/horse tails (very high and mostly ice)

15. cumulonimbus
Thunderstorm cloud
Anvil shaped

16. Formation of clouds occurs at the condensation level….
Air is cool enough for the water vapor to condense and begin to form clouds

17. 18.3 Precipitation Rain Hail Freezing Rain Sleet Snow Water
Only from t-storm clouds (Ice)
Rain that freezes when it contacts the earth’s surface
Ice
Crystallized water

18. Windward vs. Leeward

19. Windward
Leeward
Rising airs cools, condensates in a clouds then precipitates………….
Dry - desert