1. What is Economics? Chapter 1

2. Economics: The study of how people seek to satisfy their needs and wants by making choices

3. Needs vs. Wants Needs: things NECESSARY for survival Wants: things we desire but are NOT ESSENTIAL to survival

4. Scarcity Limited quantities of resources to meet unlimited wants

5. Shortage A situation in which a good or service is unavailable

6. Factors of Production Land Labor Capital –Human –Physical Remember these! You will hear them a lot this semester!

7. Land Natural resources (land, coal, water, forests, etc.)

8. Labor The effort people devote to a task for which they are paid

9. Capital –Physical: Human made objects used to create other goods and services –Human: The skills and knowledge gained by a worker through education and experience

10. Entrepreneurs Ambitious leaders who combine land, labor, and capital to create and market new goods and services.

11. Opportunity Cost There is no such thing as a free lunch!

12. Spring Break…Which would you choose? Hawaii New York Las Vegas Cancun Paris Tokyo Vail Tahiti

13. Trade-offs…options when you make a choice. Individuals –work or free time –study or sleep Business –Goods or Services –Produce or Sell

14. Alternatives Go to CollegeTake a year off Benefits ?? Decision Go to College right away Take a year off after grad. Opportunity Cost ?? Benefits forgone ?? Decision Making Grid

15. Thinking at the Margin OptionsBenefitOpportunity Cost 1 summer off?? 1 semester off?? 1 year off??

16. Production Possibilities Curves Graphs that show alternative ways to use an economy’s resources

17. Coffee Tea 50

18. Coffee Tea 50 Any production in this space is inefficient…you have the supplies but aren’t making the coffee or tea

19. Efficiency Efficiency means using resources in such a way as to maximize the production of goods and services. An economy producing output levels on the production possibilities frontier is operating efficiently.

20. Coffee Tea 50 Any production along this line is EFFICIENT

21. Growth Growth If more resources become available, or if technology improves, an economy can increase its level of output and grow. When this happens, the entire production possibilities curve “shifts to the right.”

22. Coffee Tea 50 Al gets a loan from The bank and now He can make even More coffee or tea!

23. Chapter 1 Things to think about…

24. What is the difference between a good and a service?

25. Why is the idea of scarcity a starting point for thinking economically?

26. How is scarcity different from shortages?

27. What special advantages does physical capital offer?

28. What role do entrepreneurs play in the economy?

29. Name three examples that illustrate how all decisions involve trade-offs.

30. Why must the opportunity cost of a decision always be something desirable?

31. What does the term “guns or butter” mean?

32. What does it mean to “think at the margin”?

33. What are the opportunity costs involved in:

34. Eating pizza

35. Going to see a movie on a Tuesday

36. Going to see a movie on a Saturday

37. Watching TV

38. Studying for a test

39. Finishing High School

40. Getting Married

41. Having a Kid

42. Create a decision making grid to defend a decision you will make today

43. Decide whether to work 2, 4, or 6 hours at an after-school job by comparing the opportunity cost and benefit of each alternative. CostBenefit 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours

44. Decide whether to finish the semester and graduate by comparing the opportunity cost and benefit for each alternative CostBenefit Graduate Now Graduate later Get a GED Drop Out

45. How is underutilization depicted on a production possibilities frontier?

46. How does a production possibilities curve illustrate how efficient an economy is?

47. How does a production possibilities curve illustrate opportunity cost?

48. Describe a specific event that would make each of the following happen to a production possibilities curve:

49. A point moves down and to the left The frontier shifts to the right Still capable of same output but not producing total possible Capable of producing more of every combination of products

50. Describe three services that the government provides to its citizens then identify some of the opportunity costs of providing those services.