1. UNEP/EAP-AP Data Reporting UNEP RRC.AP

2. CONTENTS  NEED FOR HIGH QUALITY DATA  DATA REPORTING  DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM UNEP RRC.AP

3. INTRODUCTION DECISION-MAKING KNOWLEDGE BASE UNEP RRC.AP

4. FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS What is happening? Why is it happening? Why are the changes significant? What is our response? Is the response adequate? ? UNEP/EAP-AP

5. USERS OF DATA EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS INDUSTRY GROUPS GOVERNMENT DECISION-MAKERS GENERAL PUBLIC/ INTEREST GROUPS INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES PRINT & ELECTRONIC MEDIA NATURAL RESOURCE PLANNERS & MANAGERS UNEP/EAP-AP

6. Indicators for the public Indicators for policy makers Indicators for scientists Total Quantity of Information Increasing Concentration Of Data DATA, INFORMATION & INDICATORS RELATIONSHIP UNEP/EAP-AP (Source: After Braat, in Kuik & Verbruggen, 1991)

7. Indicator Bulletins Educational & Public Awareness Kits Brochures, Newsletters Videos,Computer-based Info Integrated Data Sets Atlas of the Nation’s Environment PRODUCTS SoE Reports & Summaries UNEP/EAP-AP

8. Social responses (decisions-actions) Information Social responses (decisions-actions) PRESSURE-STATE-RESPONSE MODEL PRESSURE Human Activities and Impacts Energy Transport Industry etc. STATE State or Condition of the Environment Air Water Land Resources Biodiversity Human Settlements Culture & Heritage RESPONSE Institutional & Individual Response Legislation Economic Instruments New Technologies Changing Community Values International Obligations Pressures Resources Source: OECD, 1993 UNEP/EAP-AP Scarcity of information

9. Data reporting procedure UNEP RRC.AP Regional DB Monitoring site National Database

10. Reporting frequency UNEP RRC.AP Based on the national database, each participating country is invited to submit a report in the specified data reporting formats on monthly basis, to the extent possible with available resources. To reduce the workload during the data compilation process, the submission of the reports via electronic media, in addition to the documents, is strongly encouraged.

11. What to report UNEP RRC.AP Wet deposition monitoring data Air concentration monitoring data Meteorological parameters Information on respective monitoring sites

12. Wet deposition monitoring UNEP RRC.AP Monitoring interval Weekly composite samples using wet only collector. pH, and electric conductivity (EC) should be reported in the reporting form Wet W No.3 Concentration of NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca ２ + and Mg+ should be reported in reporting form Wet W No.2 Concentrations of SO42-, NO3-, and Cl- should be in reporting form: Wet W No.1 Reporting forms WET ONLY COLLECTOR

13. Wet deposition monitoring UNEP RRC.AP Monitoring interval Weekly composite samples using wet only collector. pH, and electric conductivity (EC) should be reported using reporting form Wet B No.3 - Concentration of NH 4 +, Na +, K +, Ca ２ + and Mg + should be reported using reporting form Wet B No.2 - Concentrations of SO 4 2-, NO 3 -, and Cl - should be reported in reporting form Wet B No.1 Reporting forms BULK COLLECTOR

14. Air concentration monitoring UNEP RRC.AP Monitoring interval 24 hr samples [ 9 am – 9 pm]; Sampling to be done for 10 days/month between 5 th – 25 th of each month. PM 10, NRSPM, TSPM, SO 2 and NO x should be reported using reporting form: Air H Reporting forms HVS

15. Air concentration monitoring UNEP RRC.AP Monitoring interval Monthly Results of diffusive samplers (concentration of SO2 and NO2) should be reported using reporting form: Air P Reporting forms DIFFUSIVE (PASSIVE) SAMPLER

16. Meteorological parameters UNEP RRC.AP Reporting wind direction/speed, temperature, humidity, precipitation amount and solar radiation should be reported in accordance with the measurement frequency of the meteorological monitoring system of each country

17. Information on monitoring site UNEP RRC.AP What to report Format on information on respective monitoring sites includes basic properties of site, such as address, site classification, geographical coordinates, altitude, land use, potential contamination sources, geographical description, and so on <30 o

18. Information on monitoring site UNEP RRC.AP Reporting format Formats on situation around the site of on-sitescale (within 150m), local scale (150m – 10km), and regional scale (10km – 50km) are provided in reporting form S1, S2, and S3.. If precise figures are not available, description of topographical features around the site can help in understanding the situation. 500m 20km 50km Main road Major pollution sources Note: If the information submitted changes, the up-to-date information should be reported as soon as possible

19. Data flags UNEP RRC.AP Data flags should be reported together with the monitoring data in the same data reporting format and problem occurred needs to be explained. Flags provide information to the processing of data quality assessment. Three position columns to each measured parameters are assigned to flag code.

20. Data flags UNEP RRC.AP In the near future data flag system used by EMEP will be implemented under the Malé Declaration. For the time being flags could be reported in the form of remarks.

21. EMAP Data flags UNEP RRC.AP Flags above 250 indicate an exception that has invalidated or reduced the quality of the data element. Flags below 250 indicate that the element is valid, even if it may fail simple validation tests. The value may for example be extreme, but has been tested and found correct. 250 Flags are sorted according to severity Note: The most severe flag should appear first if more than one flag is needed.

22. EMAP Data flags UNEP RRC.AP FlagMnemonicV/IDescription 699LMUIMechanical problem, unspecified reason 679LUMVUnspecified meteorological condition 678LHUVHurricane 677LAIIIcing or hoar frost in the intake 659LSAIUnspecified sampling anomaly 658LSVIToo small air volume 657LPOVPrecipitation collector overflow. Heavy rain shower (squall) 656LWBVWet-only collector failure, operated as bulk collector 655LMIVTwo samples mixed due to late servicing of sampler. Estimated value created by averaging 654LLSVSampling period longer than normal, observed values reported 653LSHVSampling period shorter than normal, observed values reported 649LTPVTemporary power fail has affected sampler operation

23. Database Management System UNEP RRC.AP What is Data Base Management System DBMS Softwares Data Base Structure Creating Data Base Editing Data Base Querying Data Base Relational Power of Data Base Integration of Numeric and Spatial Data

24. Database Management System UNEP RRC.AP Bio-Physical Applications Socio-Economic Applications DBMS Data Base Reporting Data base management system (DBMS) is a program that serves as an interface between application programs and a set of coordinated and integrated files called a data base. Before the use of DBMS there was little, if any, integration or data sharing among the functional information systems

25. DBMS Software UNEP RRC.AP For numeric data: · dBASE II, dBASE III, dBASE III+, dBASE IV, dBASE V · Foxbase, Foxbase+, Foxpro · Access · Paradox, etc. For spatial data: · ARC/INFO · ARCVIEW · MAPINFO · SPANS, etc.

26. Database Management System UNEP RRC.AP Bio-Physical Applications Socio-Economic Applications DBMS Data Base Reporting Data base management system (DBMS) is a program that serves as an interface between application programs and a set of coordinated and integrated files called a data base. Before the use of DBMS there was little, if any, integration or data sharing among the functional information systems