1. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY

3. Fig. 9.1 P. 220

4. Divisions of the ANS mobilizes the body during extreme situations Sympathetic “fight or flight” Parasympathetic performs maintenance activities and conserves body energy “resting and digesting”

5. Role of the Sympathetic Division Involves E activities – exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment Promotes adjustments during exercise – blood flow to organs is reduced, flow to muscles is increased Its activity is illustrated by a person who is threatened –Heart rate increases, and breathing is rapid and deep –The skin is cold and sweaty, and the pupils dilate

6. Role of the Parasympathetic Division Involves the D activities – digestion, defecation, and diuresis Its activity is illustrated in a person who relaxes after a meal –Blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rates are low –Gastrointestinal tract activity is high –The skin is warm and the pupils are constricted

7. Fig. 9.6 P. 226

8. Fig. 9.2 P. 222

9. Fig. 9.3 P. 223

10. Fig. 9.4 P. 224

11. Fig. 9.5 P. 225

12. Fig. 9.7 P. 228

13. Fig. 9.8 P. 229

14. Fig. 9.9 P. 229

15. Adrenergic Receptors There are two major classes of adrenergic receptors: alpha and beta. Both operate through second messengers. Two subclasses of alpha receptors: –  1 - On post-synaptic membrane; increases cytoplasmic Ca 2+ ; excitatory at smooth muscle –  2 - On pre-synaptic membrane; involved in feedback inhibition

17. Adrenergic Receptors Two subclasses of beta receptors: –  1 - Found in the heart and kidney; involved in heart rate acceleration, and renin secretion. –  2 - Found in smooth muscle of arterioles at skeletal muscle, heart and viscera, plus smooth muscle of bronchioles; involved in vasodilation and dilation of bronchioles.

18. Fig. 9.10 P. 223

19. Table. 9.7 P. 234