1. Chapter 23 Section 4

2. Key Terms  Blockade  Continental System  Guerilla war  Peninsular War  Scorched earth policy  Waterloo  Hundred Days

3. The Continental System  Britain's economy depended on overseas trade  Napoleon wanted to disrupt trade  Continental system- blockade prohibited French or allied ships from trading with Britain

4. The Continental System  British required all neutral ships to stop in British ports for permission to trade with France  This caused other conflicts

5. The Peninsular War  Portugal share Iberian Peninsula with Spain  Portuguese refused to participate in the continental system  They depended on Great Britain for trade  Napoleon sent troops to drive out the King

6. The Peninsular War  Napoleon then conquered Spain  British sent troops to Spain  Napoleon won several victories against the British  Guerilla warfare in Spain  Attacked French troops and camps

7. The Peninsular War  French slaughtered many innocent civilians to punish the guerillas  Kept French army pinned down  Napoleon pulled troops from Spain

8. Napoleon Dominates Europe  Took control of Europe through treaties and alliances  Great Britain, Portugal, Sweden and Ottoman Empire not controlled  Napoleon put relatives in power of conquered areas

9. Napoleon Dominates Europe  His brothers ruled in Holland, Naples, and Sicily  His sisters and stepsons held important positions

10. The Invasion of Russia  Czar Alexander I- Russian leader  Was Napoleon’s ally  Refuse to stop selling grain to Britain  Both had competing designs on Poland;  Napoleon decides to invade Russia

11. The Invasion of Russia 600,000 soldiers invade Most soldiers were new recruits Supplies were lost or spoiled July heat tough on men and horses Disease, desertion, hunger thinned the ranks

12. The Invasion of Russia  Napoleon wanted a quick victory  Russian troops withdrew  Scorched Earth Peasants burned grain and slaughtered livestock  French had nothing to eat

13. The Invasion of Russia  Two armies clashed at Borodin  Several hours of indecisive fighting  Russian fell back  Napoleon takes Moscow

14. The Invasion of Russia  French army in Moscow in September  Rather than surrender the “Holy City” Alexander burns it  City deserted and in flames  Napoleon could not support his troops  Left Moscow in October

15. The Invasion of Russia Russians forced the French to retreat as they entered Russian peasants attacked isolated French soldiers Harsh Russian winter kills thousands 94,000 out 600,000 return to France

16. Defeat and Exile to Elba  Russia, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain become allies  October 1813 met with Napoleon  Napoleon defeated  Allies enter Paris in triumph

17. Defeat and Exile to Elba  Napoleon has to give up the throne  Keeps title of emperor  Sent to island of Elba  Off the coast of Italy with 400 guards

18. The Last Campaigns  Allies restore French monarchy  Louis XVII takes the throne  Return France to 1792 borders  King became unpopular  French feared a return to the old ways

19. The Hundred Days After a year in exile Napoleon escapes Louis XVII flees to Belgium French had despised Napoleon Thousands of citizens were excited Troops sent to arrest Napoleon pledged their loyalty

20. The Hundred Days  March 20 Napoleon arrives in Paris  People cheered  Hundred days begins  Hundred days- brief period of renewed glory for Napoleon

21. Battle of Waterloo Napoleon’s enemies gathered for another battle Duke of Wellington – British commander June 18, 1815 armies met at Waterloo Prussia and Britain combine forces Push the French off the battlefield

22. Battle of Waterloo  French and British suffer huge loses  Casualties total 50,000 men  Waterloo crushing defeat for Napoleon  End of the Napoleonic Wars

23. Napoleon’s Final Days  Tried to escape to America  Exiled to Saint Helena, 1200 miles from mainland  Napoleon did not escape  Died 6 years later at 51