1. How footnotes and endnotes are made? Margarett Davis

2. Notes objective Notes have the aim of giving supplementary information, that if it is inserted within the same text, would render it convoluted or complicated to read.

3. Categories Notes are divided into two categories: a. Bibliographic notes b. Explicative notes The ISO 2384 norm contains a paragraph on translation notes: The titles of the works and articles cited in notes, footnotes and bibliographical references or in translator’s notes may be translated, in which case it is recommended that the citation in the original language should follow in brackets.

4. Why? The ISO recommendation relates to the preservation of data in the original language. Translation is given just as a possibility, not necessity, recommending however to preserve in any case the data of the original. This is fundamental because, if bibliographical data were translated, the target reader would not be able to understand what work is referred to.

5. Beyond the updating of bibliographical data, a translator can and in some cases must intervene with her own notes of an explicative rather than bibliographical character. Translator’s comments may either be given at the foot of the page or be appended at the end of the translation. They should be preceded by the words "Translator’s note" or a corresponding phrase in the language of the translation.

6. It is important to maintain the distinction between the translator’s notes and the notes made by the author or, anyway, of the original edition. It is always necessary to specify that they are translator’s notes. This is included in the recommendation concerning the modifications to the text: any addition or omission by the translator must be indicated, and in the copyright page there must be a statement about the complete or partial translation. recommendation

7. The best place to put translator’s notes. The bottom of the page is the ideal place for translator’s notes: if they are placed there, this means that they are indispensable to proceed with the reading.

8. Footnotes and endnotes are included in a report only to clarify information in the text and are as brief as possible. To avoid preparing footnotes or endnotes, an author may incorporate material into the text by enclosing it in parentheses or by placing it in a separate paragraph. (ANSI/NISO 1995: 21)

9. Numbers in the text referring to footnotes are in a smaller font and in superscript position. As to quotations, the numbers in the text referring to the footnote must be placed immediately after the quotes (if it is a short quotation) or right after the last word of the long quotation in a smaller font and justification.